Fallah Sina, Abedini Dastgerdi Hossein, Kaul Hans-Peter, Salehi Aliyeh
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 115, Iran.
Institute of Agronomy, Department of Agricultural Sciences, BOKU University, Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Aug 29;14(17):2700. doi: 10.3390/plants14172700.
Manure application may improve plant growth, yield, and ecological sustainability. This study investigates optimized organic fertilizer application methods for enhancing buckwheat () productivity in semi-arid conditions. Treatments include broadcasting (Br) and subsurface banding (Ba) of poultry (PM) and cattle (CM) manure and foliar spraying (S) of manure extracts (1:5 and 1:10 ratios), urea fertilizer (UF), and a control. Subsurface-banded poultry manure (BaPM) maximized chlorophyll (4.0 µg/mL), carotenoids (2.30 µmol/mL), anthocyanin (0.02 µmol/mL), leaf area index (2.03), seed nitrogen (3.4%), and spikes per plant (17). BaPM achieved the highest seed yield (646 kg/ha), comparable to BrPM, BaCM, and SPM(1:5). The maximum seed phosphorus content (0.43%) was observed in the BaPM, BrPM, and SCM(1:10) treatments. Dry matter peaked under UF (4870 kg/ha) and BaPM (4641 kg/ha). Banding placement improved nutrient uptake by enhancing root zone retention, while foliar poultry extract (1:5) mitigated phosphorus deficiency. These findings demonstrate that integrating certain manure types with targeted application methods-particularly subsurface banding of poultry manure-optimizes nutrient use efficiency, crop performance, and environmental sustainability in buckwheat cultivation.
施用肥料可能会促进植物生长、提高产量并增强生态可持续性。本研究探讨了在半干旱条件下提高荞麦生产力的优化有机肥料施用方法。处理方式包括家禽粪便（PM）和牛粪（CM）的撒施（Br）和地下条施（Ba），以及粪便提取物（1:5和1:10比例）、尿素肥料（UF）的叶面喷施（S），并设置了对照。地下条施家禽粪便（BaPM）使叶绿素（4.0μg/mL）、类胡萝卜素（2.30μmol/mL）、花青素（0.02μmol/mL）、叶面积指数（2.03）、种子含氮量（3.4%）和单株穗数（17）达到最高。BaPM的种子产量最高（646kg/公顷），与BrPM、BaCM和SPM(1:5)相当。在BaPM、BrPM和SCM(1:10)处理中观察到最高的种子磷含量（0.43%）。干物质在UF（4870kg/公顷）和BaPM（4641kg/公顷）处理下达到峰值。条施通过增强根区养分留存提高了养分吸收，而叶面喷施家禽提取物（1:5）缓解了磷缺乏。这些研究结果表明，将特定类型的肥料与有针对性的施用方法相结合——特别是家禽粪便的地下条施——可优化荞麦种植中的养分利用效率、作物表现和环境可持续性。
