Ryłko Iwona, Zarzycki Robert, Bobak Łukasz, Telega Paweł, Didyk-Mucha Agnieszka, Białowiec Andrzej
Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Advanced Energy Technologies, Czestochowa University of Technology, 73 J.H. Dąbrowskiego St., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Aug 22;18(17):3941. doi: 10.3390/ma18173941.
Biochar (BC), derived from wood biomass through pyrolysis, exhibits properties that make it a promising additive in mortars for sustainable construction. This study investigated the influence of biochar produced at three pyrolysis temperatures (450 °C, 550 °C, and 700 °C) on the performance of cementitious adhesive mortars. The evaluation encompassed physicochemical characterization, mechanical and adhesive strength, volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, leachability of contaminants, and a life-cycle assessment (LCA). The results demonstrate that biochar obtained at 700 °C has the highest carbon content, an alkaline pH, and increased porosity. In contrast, biochar produced at 450 °C exhibits better sorption capacity and a higher concentration of functional groups. Incorporating 1-5% BC (produced at any temperature) improves mortar performance; however, higher doses negatively affect adhesion to expanded polystyrene board (EPS) and concrete. Emissions of VOCs and leachable metals largely remained within environmental threshold values, with only isolated instances of exceedance. The LCA revealed that substituting mineral fillers with biochar could reduce the carbon footprint by up to 35% compared to the reference formulation. These findings confirm biochar's potential as a safe and environmentally beneficial component in low-emission construction materials, aligning with the principles of the circular economy and climate-neutral goals.
生物炭（BC）通过热解从木材生物质中提取，其特性使其成为可持续建筑用砂浆中一种有前景的添加剂。本研究调查了在三种热解温度（450℃、550℃和700℃）下生产的生物炭对水泥基粘结砂浆性能的影响。评估包括物理化学表征、机械和粘结强度、挥发性有机化合物（VOC）排放、污染物的浸出性以及生命周期评估（LCA）。结果表明，在700℃下获得的生物炭具有最高的碳含量、碱性pH值和增加的孔隙率。相比之下，在450℃下生产的生物炭表现出更好的吸附能力和更高浓度的官能团。掺入1-5%的生物炭（在任何温度下生产）可改善砂浆性能；然而，更高的剂量会对与膨胀聚苯乙烯板（EPS）和混凝土的粘结产生负面影响。VOCs和可浸出金属的排放大多保持在环境阈值内，仅有个别超标情况。生命周期评估表明，与参考配方相比，用生物炭替代矿物填料可将碳足迹减少多达35%。这些发现证实了生物炭作为低排放建筑材料中一种安全且对环境有益的成分的潜力，符合循环经济原则和气候中和目标。
