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Limited Interchangeability of Smartwatches and Lace-Mounted IMUs for Running Gait Analysis.

作者信息

Meingast Theodor, Carrier Bryson, Melvin Amanda, Kozloff Kenneth M, DeJong Lempke Alexandra F, Lepley Adam S

机构信息

School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.

出版信息

Sensors (Basel). 2025 Sep 5;25(17):5553. doi: 10.3390/s25175553.

Abstract

Spatiotemporal running metrics such as cadence, stride length (SL), and ground contact time (GCT) are important for assessing performance and injury risk. However, such metrics are traditionally assessed using laboratory-based tools that are often inaccessible in applied settings. Wearable devices including smartwatches and lace-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer promising alternatives, yet cross-device agreement in reporting spatiotemporal variables remains unclear. This study evaluated agreement between a commercial smartwatch and lace-mounted IMUs across varied distances and environments in 65 physically active adults (33 female/32 male, height: 171.0 ± 8.9 cm; weight: 70.9 ± 15.2 kg). Participants completed indoor and outdoor runs (2.5 km, 5 km, 10 km, 20 km) wearing both devices simultaneously. Average cadence demonstrated acceptable agreement (MAPE = 4.1%, CCC = 0.66) and supported equivalence, particularly among males, during outdoor conditions, and longer run distances. In contrast, peak cadence showed weak correlation (MAPE = 5.3%, CCC = 0.29), and SL and GCT demonstrated poor agreement (MAPE = 14.9-19.0%, CCC = 0.30-0.39) across all conditions. While average cadence may serve as a metric for cross-device comparisons, especially for males, and longer-distance outdoor runs, other spatiotemporal metrics demonstrated poor agreement, limiting interchangeability. Understanding device-specific capabilities is essential when interpreting wearable-derived gait data. Further validation using gold-standard tools is needed to support accurate and applied use of wearable technologies.

摘要
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d424/12431447/57971b3b6655/sensors-25-05553-g0A1.jpg

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本文引用的文献

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Validity of Wearable Inertial Sensors for Gait Analysis: A Systematic Review.
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