Akram Naveed, Ertl Reinhard, Ghanei-Motlagh Reza, Secombes Christopher J, El-Matbouli Mansour, Holzer Astrid S, Saleh Mona
Division of Fish Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Aug 22;26(17):8148. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178148.
Parasitic infections, such as those caused by the myxozoans and , pose major threats to wild and farmed salmonids due to severe tissue damage and impairment of the host immune system. While individual infections have been studied, limited information is available on the host response during co-infection. This study investigated the transcriptomic immune response of rainbow trout () during single and sequential co-infections with and using RNA-seq. Trout were exposed to single infections (Mc or Tb) followed by co-infections (Mc or Tb). Fish were sampled at 31 days post-single infection (1 day post-co-infection). RNA from gill and caudal fin (portal of parasite entry) was sequenced, followed by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identification and GO and KEGG enrichment. In the caudal fin, Mc (1 day after co-infection with ) fish showed mild immune activation with upregulation, while Tb fish exhibited a stronger response involving signaling. In gills, Mc fish showed moderate cytokine-related gene upregulation, while Tb (1 day after co-infection with ) fish displayed increased expression of humoral response genes (, immunoglobulin pathways) but suppression of genes involved in B cell development. These results indicate that the order of infection shapes the outcome of the host immune response, offering candidate targets at the host-pathogen interface.
寄生虫感染，如由粘孢子虫引起的感染，由于严重的组织损伤和宿主免疫系统的损害，对野生和养殖的鲑科鱼类构成重大威胁。虽然对个体感染进行了研究，但关于共感染期间宿主反应的信息有限。本研究使用RNA测序技术研究了虹鳟鱼在单一感染和与[寄生虫名称未给出]和[寄生虫名称未给出]的顺序共感染期间的转录组免疫反应。将鳟鱼暴露于单一感染（Mc或Tb），然后进行共感染（Mc或Tb）。在单一感染后31天（共感染后1天）对鱼进行采样。对鳃和尾鳍（寄生虫进入的门户）的RNA进行测序，随后进行差异表达基因（DEG）鉴定以及GO和KEGG富集分析。在尾鳍中，Mc（与[寄生虫名称未给出]共感染后1天）鱼表现出轻度免疫激活，[相关基因名称未给出]上调，而Tb鱼表现出更强的反应，涉及[信号通路名称未给出]信号传导。在鳃中，Mc鱼表现出中等程度的细胞因子相关基因上调，而Tb（与[寄生虫名称未给出]共感染后1天）鱼体液反应基因（[相关基因名称未给出]、免疫球蛋白途径）的表达增加，但参与B细胞发育的基因受到抑制。这些结果表明感染顺序塑造了宿主免疫反应的结果，在宿主 - 病原体界面提供了候选靶点。
