Almeida Graciele Magda de, Egea Mariana Buranelo
Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Goiás, Brazil.
Goiano Federal Institute, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, Goiás, Brazil.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Aug 30;26(17):8458. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178458.
The administration of enteral nutritional therapy (ENT), combined with the use of probiotics, is considered a proactive therapeutic strategy that can modulate the intestinal microbiota, resulting in beneficial effects on intestinal integrity and function, as well as on the immune system of patients. This review aimed to find evidence on the clinical effects of probiotic administration in treating patients using ENT. An integrative search was performed to select scientific articles on the use of probiotics in ENT published in the last 10 years (2014-2025) using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The descriptors used in the search were "probiotics" AND "enteral nutrition" OR "tube feeding" AND "adults" AND "critical illness". Retrospective studies, pilot single/double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials, and randomized trials investigating the effects of probiotic supplementation in enteral nutrition were included. A review of 21 manuscripts was conducted, in which all patients received ENT with probiotics, with 14 monitored in the ICU, 4 in the ward, and 3 at home. All 21 studies reviewed included a control group using enteral nutrition alone or a placebo, and some also included the study of other treatments. All studies demonstrated clinical benefits of some nature for patients who received enteral nutrition associated with the use of probiotics, such as reduced hospitalization time, improvement in the gastrointestinal tract, reduction in diarrhea associated with the use of antibiotics and inflammatory and immunological responses, and reduction in the incidence of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation. Probiotic supplementation in adult patients using enteral nutritional therapy demonstrates benefits that help promote health and improve intestinal microbiota composition. No side effects or adverse risks have been reported.
肠内营养疗法（ENT）与益生菌联合使用，被认为是一种积极的治疗策略，可调节肠道微生物群，对肠道完整性和功能以及患者的免疫系统产生有益影响。本综述旨在寻找关于益生菌给药在使用ENT治疗患者中的临床效果的证据。通过使用PubMed、ScienceDirect、Scielo和谷歌学术数据库进行综合检索，以选择过去10年（2014 - 2025年）发表的关于益生菌在ENT中应用的科学文章。检索中使用的描述词为“益生菌”与“肠内营养”或“管饲”以及“成人”和“危重病”。纳入了回顾性研究、试点单盲/双盲安慰剂对照临床试验以及调查益生菌补充剂在肠内营养中的作用的随机试验。对21篇手稿进行了综述，其中所有患者均接受了含益生菌的ENT治疗，14例在重症监护病房监测，4例在病房监测，3例在家中监测。所综述的所有21项研究均包括单独使用肠内营养或安慰剂的对照组，有些还包括其他治疗的研究。所有研究均表明，接受与使用益生菌相关的肠内营养的患者在某种程度上具有临床益处，如住院时间缩短、胃肠道改善、与使用抗生素相关的腹泻减少以及炎症和免疫反应减轻，与机械通气相关的肺炎发病率降低。在使用肠内营养疗法的成年患者中补充益生菌显示出有助于促进健康和改善肠道微生物群组成的益处。未报告有副作用或不良风险。
