Lesta Ana, Marín-García Pablo Jesús, Llobat Lola
Molecular Mechanisms of Zoonotic Diseases (MMOPS) Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Aug 30;26(17):8461. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178461.
Dairy cattle are constantly exposed to a wide range of pathogens, which can produce substantial economic losses. The maintenance of homeostasis is not only dependent on the intrinsic characteristics of the animals but also on environmental factors such as the productive system, heat stress, and exposure to vectors and contaminated pastures. In this context, the bovine immune system plays a critical role in maintaining health and productivity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of both innate and adaptive responses in cattle, remarking on key components and summarizing the normal immune response against some of the most frequent pathogens in bovines, as well as how these pathogens have developed strategies to evade or modulate the host's immune system. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential for improving therapeutic strategies and disease prevention in livestock production.
奶牛不断接触各种病原体，这可能会造成巨大的经济损失。内环境稳态的维持不仅取决于动物的内在特性，还取决于环境因素，如生产系统、热应激以及接触病媒和受污染的牧场。在这种情况下，牛的免疫系统在维持健康和生产力方面起着关键作用。本综述全面概述了牛的先天性和适应性免疫反应，阐述了关键组成部分，并总结了针对牛一些最常见病原体的正常免疫反应，以及这些病原体如何制定策略来逃避或调节宿主的免疫系统。深入了解这些机制对于改进畜牧生产中的治疗策略和疾病预防至关重要。
