Sabbatini Maurizio, Boffano Paolo, Ferrillo Martina, Migliario Mario, Renò Filippo
Sciences and Innovative Technology Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
Traslational Medicine Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli n. 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Aug 31;26(17):8470. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178470.
Wound healing in oral surgery is influenced by systemic conditions (aging, diabetes) and habits (smoking, alcoholism), which can hinder the natural regenerative capacity of the oral mucosa. The human amniotic membrane (hAM), long recognized for its wound-healing properties, has gained attention as a valuable biomaterial in regenerative dentistry. Its biological composition-including epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells, collagen, growth factors, cytokines, and proteins with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties-supports anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, immunomodulatory, and pro-epithelializing effects. These elements work synergistically to enhance tissue repair, reduce scarring, and promote rapid healing. The hAM can be preserved through cryopreservation, dehydration, or freeze-drying, maintaining its structural and functional integrity for diverse clinical uses. In oral surgery, the hAM has been applied with significant success to surgical wound coverage, treatment of periodontal and bone defects, and implant site regeneration, as well as management of complex conditions like medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Clinical studies and meta-analyses support its safety, efficacy, and adaptability. Despite its proven therapeutic benefits, the hAM remains underutilized in dentistry due to challenges related to its preparation and storage. This review aims to highlight its potential and encourage broader clinical adoption in regenerative oral surgical practices.
口腔外科手术中的伤口愈合受全身状况（如衰老、糖尿病）和习惯（如吸烟、酗酒）的影响，这些因素会阻碍口腔黏膜的自然再生能力。人羊膜（hAM）长期以来因其伤口愈合特性而闻名，作为再生牙科中的一种有价值的生物材料受到关注。其生物成分，包括上皮和间充质干细胞、胶原蛋白、生长因子、细胞因子以及具有抗炎和抗菌特性的蛋白质，支持抗炎、血管生成、免疫调节和促进上皮形成的作用。这些成分协同作用以增强组织修复、减少瘢痕形成并促进快速愈合。hAM可以通过冷冻保存、脱水或冻干进行保存，保持其结构和功能完整性以用于多种临床用途。在口腔外科手术中，hAM已成功应用于手术伤口覆盖、牙周和骨缺损的治疗、种植部位再生以及颌骨药物相关性骨坏死（MRONJ）等复杂病症的管理。临床研究和荟萃分析支持其安全性、有效性和适应性。尽管hAM已被证明具有治疗益处，但由于其制备和储存方面的挑战，在牙科领域的应用仍未得到充分利用。本综述旨在突出其潜力，并鼓励在再生口腔外科实践中更广泛地临床应用。
