Shershakova Nadezda, Baraboshkina Elena, Khochenkov Dmitry, Turetskiy Evgeny, Nikonova Alexandra, Kamyshnikov Oleg, Bolyakina Daria, Parshina Veronika, Shabanova Daria, Makarova Evelina, Andreev Sergey, Kudlay Dmitry, Khaitov Musa
NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115522 Moscow, Russia.
FSBI "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center for Oncology", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115522 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 2;26(17):8517. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178517.
Hair loss (alopecia) is a common disorder caused by an interruption in the body's cycle of hair production. This pathology negatively affects the psychoemotional state of patients and significantly reduces their quality of life. The currently available medical treatments (including minoxidil therapy) are effective in arresting the progression of the disease; however, they allow only partial regrowth of hair at best. A significant clinical result occurs only with regular drug use. There is still great interest in finding new drugs for the treatment of alopecia. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of an aqueous dispersion of unmodified fullerene C60 (ADF) on hair growth. ADF, produced by a unique technology, is biocompatible and non-toxic. Nu/nu mice were subcutaneously injected (2 μg/animal) every two days for a period of 11 days with ADF and, for control purposes, with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). It was shown that ADF stimulated hair growth. Histological analysis of the nu/nu mice skin areas showed that animals treated with ADF had significantly more (about twice as many) hair follicles in the anagen phase compared to mice treated with PBS. The effect on hair growth persisted even after discontinuation of ADF administration. Analysis of gene expression demonstrated that ADF affected the Wnt-signaling pathway, increased the expression of the (wingless-type Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus integration site family, member 10B) factor, angiogenetic factors, and downregulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. We propose that the mechanism of ADF action is likely related to its ability to attract macrophages to the hair follicle microenvironment and promote their polarization to the M2 phenotype. In addition, using molecular modeling, we tried to substantiate our hypothesis about the interaction of ADF with the adenosine A2A receptor, which may cause a decrease in tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. Thus, ADF may become a promising drug for the development of new approaches to the treatment of alopecia associated with immune disorders.
脱发是一种常见病症，由人体毛发生长周期中断所致。这种病理状况会对患者的心理情绪状态产生负面影响，并显著降低其生活质量。目前可用的医学治疗方法（包括米诺地尔疗法）在阻止疾病进展方面是有效的；然而，它们充其量只能使毛发部分再生。只有定期使用药物才会产生显著的临床效果。寻找治疗脱发的新药仍然备受关注。在本研究中，我们旨在研究未修饰的富勒烯C60水分散体（ADF）对毛发生长的影响。通过独特技术生产的ADF具有生物相容性且无毒。将裸鼠每两天皮下注射一次ADF（2μg/只动物），持续11天，作为对照，用磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）进行注射。结果表明，ADF可刺激毛发生长。对裸鼠皮肤区域的组织学分析表明，与用PBS处理的小鼠相比，用ADF处理的动物在生长期的毛囊明显更多（大约多一倍）。即使在停止给予ADF后，对毛发生长的影响仍然持续。基因表达分析表明，ADF影响Wnt信号通路，增加无翅型小鼠乳腺肿瘤病毒整合位点家族成员10B（Wnt10B）因子、血管生成因子的表达，并下调肿瘤坏死因子-α水平。我们认为，ADF的作用机制可能与其吸引巨噬细胞至毛囊微环境并促进其向M2表型极化的能力有关。此外，我们利用分子建模试图证实我们关于ADF与腺苷A2A受体相互作用的假设，这可能导致肿瘤坏死因子-α产生减少。因此，ADF可能成为开发治疗与免疫紊乱相关脱发新方法的一种有前景的药物。
