Wong Alicia Yoke Wei, Bicchieraro Giulia, Palumbo Isabella, Ciabattoni Antonella, Aristei Cynthia, Spaccapelo Roberta
Department of Medicine and Surgery and Center of Functional Genomics (C.U.R.Ge.F), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
Radiation Oncology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 5;26(17):8654. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178654.
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies and remains the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Emerging evidence implicates the microbiota to be a potential contributor to its pathogenesis and progression. This review summarizes emerging evidence of microbial alterations across various body niches in breast cancer patients, including gut, breast tissue, nipple aspirate fluid (NAF), oral cavity, skin, urinary and reproductive tracts, and blood. Reductions in commensal taxa such as , , , , and , along with an increase in pro-inflammatory genera like , , and , may promote breast tumor development and progression through multiple pathways including modulation of estrogen metabolism, production of microbial metabolites, and immunoregulation. The presence of cross-niche overlaps and possible translocation of microbiota between niches through the bloodstream suggests the existence of a complex interconnected oral-gut-breast microbiota axis. Progress in the field will depend on integrative multi-omics, translational approaches, and longitudinal studies to give a clearer mechanistic understanding of microbiota-host interactions to develop feasible microbiota-based biomarkers and therapeutic strategies in breast cancer.
乳腺癌是最常被诊断出的恶性肿瘤之一，并且仍然是全球女性癌症相关死亡的主要原因。新出现的证据表明，微生物群可能是其发病机制和进展的一个潜在因素。本综述总结了乳腺癌患者各个身体部位微生物改变的新证据，包括肠道、乳腺组织、乳头抽吸液（NAF）、口腔、皮肤、泌尿生殖道和血液。共生菌属如、、、和的减少，以及促炎菌属如、和的增加，可能通过多种途径促进乳腺肿瘤的发展和进展，包括调节雌激素代谢、产生微生物代谢产物和免疫调节。不同身体部位之间存在交叉重叠以及微生物群可能通过血液在不同部位之间转移，这表明存在一个复杂的相互关联的口腔-肠道-乳腺微生物群轴。该领域的进展将取决于整合多组学、转化方法和纵向研究，以便更清楚地了解微生物群与宿主的相互作用机制，从而开发出可行的基于微生物群的乳腺癌生物标志物和治疗策略。
