Mostafavi Seyedamirreza, Wyszyńska Magdalena, Skucha-Nowak Małgorzata
Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Doctoral's School, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
Department of Dental Materials, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2025 Sep 8;14(17):6330. doi: 10.3390/jcm14176330.
Oncological patients or the individuals scheduled for cardiovascular surgeries are at risk of both oral and systemic complications when existing dental pathologies are not addressed before these therapies. This narrative review explores the current literature on the role of pre-treatment dental care in reducing unfavorable outcomes and promoting treatment efficacy in medically compromised patients. The data show that early dental intervention, particularly prior to head and neck radiotherapy, considerably reduces the risk of osteoradionecrosis, rampant radiation caries, and xerostomia. Chemotherapy-associated mucositis, infections, and microbial imbalance are similarly worsened by untreated oral disease but may be managed through early sanitation and hygiene reinforcement. In cardiac patients, conditions such as apical periodontitis and periodontitis may lead to bacteremia, infective endocarditis, or prosthetic valve infections, highlighting the systemic relevance of oral health. Tooth extractions, restorative treatment of carious lesions, and control of active oral infections performed before systemic therapy can reduce complication rates, improve treatment continuity, and enhance patients' quality of life. Integrating comprehensive dental assessment into routine pre-treatment planning allows early identification of oral health risks and supports a multidisciplinary approach that optimizes overall clinical outcomes.
对于肿瘤患者或计划进行心血管手术的个体，如果在这些治疗之前未处理现有的牙齿病变，他们面临口腔和全身并发症的风险。本叙述性综述探讨了当前关于治疗前牙齿护理在降低医学上存在问题的患者不良结局和提高治疗效果方面作用的文献。数据表明，早期牙齿干预，特别是在头颈部放疗之前，可显著降低放射性骨坏死、猖獗性放射性龋齿和口干症的风险。未经治疗的口腔疾病同样会使化疗相关的粘膜炎、感染和微生物失衡恶化，但可通过早期清洁和加强卫生来控制。在心脏病患者中，根尖周炎和牙周炎等病症可能导致菌血症、感染性心内膜炎或人工瓣膜感染，凸显了口腔健康的全身相关性。在全身治疗前进行拔牙、龋损修复治疗以及控制活动性口腔感染，可降低并发症发生率，改善治疗的连续性，并提高患者的生活质量。将全面的牙齿评估纳入常规治疗前规划，有助于早期识别口腔健康风险，并支持采用多学科方法优化整体临床结局。
