Kobayashi K, Ponnamperuma C
Orig Life Evol Biosph. 1985;16(1):41-55. doi: 10.1007/BF01808048.
Research on trace elements in chemical evolution is reviewed from three points of view. They are: the origin of the essentiality of trace elements in present biological systems; the possible roles of trace elements in chemical evolution; and the origin of enzymatic activity with metal ions, i.e., the origin of metalloenzymes.