Detenbeck Naomi E, Weaver Christopher P, Le Alyssa M, Morefield Philip E, Ennett Samuel, Ten Brink Marilyn R
Atlantic Coastal and Environmental Sciences Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.
Integrated Climate Sciences Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
Water (Basel). 2025 Aug 1;17(5):2265. doi: 10.3390/w17152265. Epub 2025 Jul 30.
This study was developed to identify the optimal (most cost-effective) strategies to reduce sediment and phosphorus loadings in the Upper Soldier Creek, Kansas, USA, watershed using the Watershed Management Optimization Support Tool (WMOST) suite of programs. Under average precipitation, loading targets for upland total phosphorus (TP) could be met with use of grassed swales for treating urban area runoff and of contouring for agricultural runoff. For a wet year, the same target could be met, but with use of a sand filter with underdrain for the urban runoff. Both annual and daily TP loading targets from Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) were exceeded in simulations of best management practice (BMP) solutions for 14 alternative future climate scenarios. We expanded the set of BMPs to include stream bank stabilization (physical plus riparian restoration) and two-stage channel designs, but upland loading targets could not be met for either TP or total suspended solids (TSS) under any precipitation conditions. An optimization scenario that simulated the routing of flows in excess of those treated by the upland BMPs to an off-channel treatment wetland allowed TMDLs to be met for an average precipitation year. WMOST can optimize cost-effectiveness of BMPs across multiple scales and climate scenarios.
本研究旨在利用流域管理优化支持工具（WMOST）程序套件，确定美国堪萨斯州上索尔德克里克流域减少沉积物和磷负荷的最佳（最具成本效益）策略。在平均降水量条件下，使用草皮沟处理城市径流以及等高种植处理农业径流，可实现高地总磷（TP）的负荷目标。在湿润年份，同样的目标也能实现，但城市径流需使用带排水暗管的砂滤器。在对14种未来气候变化情景的最佳管理实践（BMP）解决方案模拟中，年度和每日总最大日负荷（TMDL）的总磷负荷目标均被超过。我们将BMP集扩展到包括河岸稳定（物理加河岸修复）和两级渠道设计，但在任何降水条件下，高地总磷或总悬浮固体（TSS）的负荷目标均无法实现。一种优化方案模拟了超过高地BMP处理流量的水流输送至渠道外处理湿地，使得在平均降水年份能够实现TMDL目标。WMOST可以在多个尺度和气候情景下优化BMP的成本效益。
