Zhu Xinyu, Li Huihui, Xue Tingting, Wang Shu, Zhu Ruixiang, Luo Jiali, Ju Ruotong, Zhang Puhua, Cui Xiangrong, Jing Xuan
Department of Clinical Laboratory of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China.
Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
Apoptosis. 2025 Sep 16. doi: 10.1007/s10495-025-02181-2.
Ovarian aging is one of the common diseases in the female reproductive system. It is characterized by complex etiologies, involving multiple factors such as genetics, environment, metabolism, and cellular stress. In recent years, autophagy, a crucial cellular self-degradation and repair mechanism, has received substantial attention for its role in maintaining and deteriorating ovarian function. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and its regulation, as well as the latest research progress of macroautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) and mitophagy in ovarian aging. Studies have shown that dysregulation of autophagic pathways is closely associated with decreased oocyte quality and reduced ovarian reserve function. Additionally, signaling pathways such as PI3K, AMPK, and mTOR participate in the process of ovarian aging by regulating autophagic activity. Although numerous studies have revealed the critical role of autophagy in ovarian aging, many issues remain to be resolved, such as the crosstalk mechanisms between different autophagic pathways and the precise spatiotemporal dynamics of the autophagic regulatory network. A deep understanding of the regulatory network of multi-pathway autophagy will provide new insights for developing intervention strategies to delay ovarian aging, holding significant scientific and clinical application value.
卵巢衰老为女性生殖系统常见疾病之一。其病因复杂，涉及遗传、环境、代谢及细胞应激等多种因素。近年来，自噬作为一种关键的细胞自我降解与修复机制，因其在维持和损害卵巢功能中的作用而备受关注。本综述系统总结了自噬的分子机制及其调控，以及巨自噬、伴侣介导的自噬（CMA）和线粒体自噬在卵巢衰老中的最新研究进展。研究表明，自噬途径失调与卵母细胞质量下降和卵巢储备功能降低密切相关。此外，PI3K、AMPK和mTOR等信号通路通过调节自噬活性参与卵巢衰老过程。尽管众多研究揭示了自噬在卵巢衰老中的关键作用，但仍有许多问题有待解决，如不同自噬途径之间的相互作用机制以及自噬调控网络精确的时空动态变化。深入了解多途径自噬调控网络将为制定延缓卵巢衰老的干预策略提供新见解，具有重要的科学和临床应用价值。
