Iliev Iliyan D, Blander J Magarian, Collins Nicholas, Guo Chun-Jun, Longman Randy S, Sonnenberg Gregory F, Zeng Melody Y, Artis David
Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Nat Immunol. 2025 Sep 16. doi: 10.1038/s41590-025-02281-w.
The microbiota has a fundamental role in regulating homeostasis and inflammation across the barrier surfaces of the body. The gut is a unique bioreactor where the high concentration of microorganisms, microbial and dietary metabolites, microbial-derived molecular structures, immune cells, stroma and neurons form a complex, highly interactive and precisely regulated system. The mucosal immune system in the gut has profound local and systemic effects, influencing both health and disease. A critical period of immune imprinting occurs early in life, shaped by the neonatal microbiota and nutrition, to influence immune development and long-term disease susceptibility. Microbiota-derived metabolites have crucial roles in immune modulation, influencing epithelial integrity, oral tolerance and inflammatory responses. This Review explores the interactions between the microbiota and the mucosal immune system from infancy to adulthood, highlighting the impact on health and disease. We also discuss therapeutic interventions, including microbiota-derived molecules, dietary metabolites and emerging microbiome-based co-therapies.
微生物群在调节身体屏障表面的内环境稳态和炎症方面具有重要作用。肠道是一个独特的生物反应器，其中高浓度的微生物、微生物和膳食代谢产物、微生物衍生的分子结构、免疫细胞、基质和神经元形成了一个复杂、高度互动且精确调节的系统。肠道中的黏膜免疫系统具有深远的局部和全身效应，对健康和疾病都有影响。免疫印记的关键时期发生在生命早期，由新生儿微生物群和营养塑造，以影响免疫发育和长期疾病易感性。微生物群衍生的代谢产物在免疫调节中起关键作用，影响上皮完整性、口服耐受性和炎症反应。本综述探讨了从婴儿期到成年期微生物群与黏膜免疫系统之间的相互作用，强调了对健康和疾病的影响。我们还讨论了治疗干预措施，包括微生物群衍生的分子、膳食代谢产物和新兴的基于微生物组的联合疗法。
