Siddiqui Mohd Aftab, Usmani Afreen, Ansari Mohd Nazam, Almoselhy Rania I M
Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P., India.
MESCO Institute of Pharmacy, Amroha, U.P., India.
Toxicol Rep. 2025 Apr 23;14:102036. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102036. eCollection 2025 Jun.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of safety and monitoring guidelines in immunotherapy, a rapidly advancing field in cancer and autoimmune treatment. Immunotherapy, which harnesses the body's immune system to combat diseases, has shown remarkable promise but presents unique safety challenges requiring rigorous oversight. The article examines various immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and cytokine therapies, highlighting potential adverse effects and the critical need for careful monitoring. It emphasizes pre-treatment assessments, risk stratification, and genetic and biomarker screening to identify high-risk patients. Detailed monitoring protocols, including laboratory tests, imaging, and clinical evaluations, are discussed to detect immune-related adverse events (irAEs) early. Strategies for managing both acute and chronic toxicities, such as dose adjustments and treatment interruptions, are outlined to ensure timely intervention and individualized care. The article also underscores the importance of patient education, compliance, and supportive care, emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach. Through this detailed review, healthcare professionals gain practical guidelines to optimize the safe and effective use of immunotherapies in clinical settings.
本文全面概述了免疫疗法中的安全性和监测指南，免疫疗法是癌症和自身免疫性疾病治疗领域中一个迅速发展的领域。免疫疗法利用人体免疫系统对抗疾病，已显示出显著的前景，但也带来了独特的安全挑战，需要严格监管。本文研究了各种免疫疗法，包括免疫检查点抑制剂、单克隆抗体和细胞因子疗法，强调了潜在的不良反应以及仔细监测的迫切需求。它强调治疗前评估、风险分层以及基因和生物标志物筛查，以识别高危患者。还讨论了详细的监测方案，包括实验室检查、影像学检查和临床评估，以便早期发现免疫相关不良事件（irAE）。概述了管理急性和慢性毒性的策略，如剂量调整和治疗中断，以确保及时干预和个性化护理。本文还强调了患者教育、依从性和支持性护理的重要性，强调采用多学科方法。通过这一详细综述，医疗保健专业人员获得了在临床环境中优化免疫疗法安全有效使用的实用指南。
