Monica Selladurai, Panneerselvam Sivasakthivelan, Rajasekaran Raghu, Nalliappan Sakthivel, Kailappan Amudha, Rangasamy Anandham
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, Tamil Nadu, India.
Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar, 638 451, Tamil Nadu, India.
Curr Microbiol. 2025 Sep 17;82(11):506. doi: 10.1007/s00284-025-04497-3.
Soil parameters, such as temperature, moisture, aeration, and nutrient composition, significantly affect plant growth and development. Agricultural methods currently depend on chemical fertilizers and pesticides to increase crop yields. However, excessive use of these fertilizers may lead to environmental pollution, soil deterioration, and the accumulation of heavy metals. Bioinoculants have emerged as promising solutions to address these challenges and promote sustainable agriculture. These beneficial microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae, can improve soil fertility, stimulate plant development, and increase nutrient uptake. Bioinoculants augment plant defense systems against pests and diseases, increasing agricultural yield while reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers. A key constraint impeding the utilization of bioinoculants is their restricted shelf life. Researchers have investigated several formulation processes and carrier materials to improve the survival rate of these bacteria. The longevity of bioinoculants can be extended by enhancing formulation techniques, selecting suitable carrier materials, and maintaining ideal storage conditions. This review thoroughly examines techniques, including carriers, adjuvants, stickers, and protectants, as well as smart delivery technologies, such as nanobiofertilizers, freeze-drying technology, biofilm formulation, rhizosphere engineered bioinoculants and direct seed injection techniques, to increase shelf life and effectiveness. Furthermore, the review discusses market challenges, international regulations, farmer incentives, and the role of public‒private partnerships in standardizing formulations. The integration of biofertilizers with regenerative agricultural practices and patent-related considerations are also examined. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of strategies to increase the shelf life and performance of bioinoculants, facilitating their widespread application in sustainable agriculture.
土壤参数，如温度、湿度、通气性和养分组成，对植物的生长发育有显著影响。目前的农业方法依赖化肥和农药来提高作物产量。然而，过度使用这些化肥可能导致环境污染、土壤退化和重金属积累。生物接种剂已成为应对这些挑战和促进可持续农业的有前景的解决方案。这些有益微生物，包括细菌、真菌和藻类，可以提高土壤肥力，刺激植物生长，并增加养分吸收。生物接种剂增强了植物对病虫害的防御系统，提高了农业产量，同时减少了对化肥的依赖。阻碍生物接种剂利用的一个关键限制因素是其有限的保质期。研究人员已经研究了几种配方工艺和载体材料，以提高这些细菌的存活率。通过改进配方技术、选择合适的载体材料和维持理想的储存条件，可以延长生物接种剂的寿命。本综述全面研究了包括载体、佐剂、粘着剂和保护剂在内的技术，以及纳米生物肥料、冷冻干燥技术、生物膜配方、根际工程生物接种剂和直接种子注射技术等智能递送技术，以提高保质期和有效性。此外，该综述还讨论了市场挑战、国际法规、农民激励措施以及公私伙伴关系在规范配方方面的作用。还研究了生物肥料与再生农业实践的整合以及与专利相关的考虑因素。总体而言，本综述旨在全面了解提高生物接种剂保质期和性能的策略，促进其在可持续农业中的广泛应用。
