Xin Hui-Juan, Wu Jia-Jun, Zhao Wei-Gao
School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2025 Sep 8;46(9):5951-5960. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202407325.
Microplastics （MPs）， as an emerging contaminant， have garnered significant attention in the field of drinking water research because of their widespread distribution in the environment and potential for biological toxicity. Currently， varying levels of MPs have been detected in drinking water treatment plants （DWTPs）， and media filtration， as a key barrier in the effluent of DWTPs， offers advantages such as easy scalability， low operating costs， green and sustainable purification， and potential for improved removal efficiency of MPs. Moreover， plastic particles can be effectively removed through mechanisms such as screening， filtration， interception， adsorption， size exclusion， cake formation， and electrostatic attraction/repulsion. Therefore， to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the efficacy of media filtration in removing MPs in DWTPs， a thorough investigation of the sources and current status of MPs in DWTPs was initially conducted， an in-depth analysis of the contribution of media filtration in removing MPs was performed， and a brief overview of the mechanisms of media filtration removal of MPs was presented. Additionally， a comprehensive evaluation of the various factors affecting the effectiveness of media filtration in removing MPs was conducted. The results indicate that wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） are a significant source of MPs in surface and groundwater， that media filtration is notably effective in removing MPs larger than 10 μm， and that its effectiveness is limited for MPs smaller than 10 μm. The efficiency of media filtration in removing MPs is influenced by the properties of the MPs themselves， the nature of the filter media， and the hydraulic and aqueous chemical properties. Finally， future research directions were prospected from several perspectives， including the quantification and analysis methods of MPs， the development and optimization of efficient media filtration technologies for small-sized MPs， and the impact of micro-interface behavior during media filtration on the migration and removal mechanisms of MPs， with the goal of providing a theoretical foundation and technical reference for optimizing media filtration processes to remove MPs.
微塑料（MPs）作为一种新兴污染物，因其在环境中的广泛分布和生物毒性潜力，在饮用水研究领域受到了广泛关注。目前，在饮用水处理厂（DWTPs）中已检测到不同水平的微塑料，而介质过滤作为DWTPs出水的关键屏障，具有易于扩展、运行成本低、绿色可持续净化以及提高微塑料去除效率的潜力等优势。此外，塑料颗粒可通过筛分、过滤、拦截、吸附、尺寸排阻、滤饼形成以及静电吸引/排斥等机制有效去除。因此，为全面了解介质过滤在DWTPs中去除微塑料的效果，首先对DWTPs中微塑料的来源和现状进行了深入调查，对介质过滤在去除微塑料方面的贡献进行了深入分析，并简要概述了介质过滤去除微塑料的机制。此外，还对影响介质过滤去除微塑料有效性的各种因素进行了综合评估。结果表明，污水处理厂（WWTPs）是地表水和地下水中微塑料的重要来源，介质过滤对去除大于10μm的微塑料非常有效，而对小于10μm的微塑料效果有限。介质过滤去除微塑料的效率受微塑料自身特性、过滤介质性质以及水力和水化学性质的影响。最后，从微塑料的定量分析方法、针对小尺寸微塑料的高效介质过滤技术的开发与优化以及介质过滤过程中微界面行为对微塑料迁移和去除机制的影响等几个方面对未来研究方向进行了展望，旨在为优化介质过滤工艺去除微塑料提供理论基础和技术参考。
