Sadeghi Somayeh, Ghiasi Farzin, Toghyani Arash
Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Int J Prev Med. 2025 Aug 26;16:52. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_544_21. eCollection 2025.
This study aims to evaluate the relationship of pulmonary symptoms and co-morbidity diseases with lung function in adult smokers.
Three hundred and fifty men adults over the age of 20 were involved. Spirometry tests were performed for measuring FVC, FEV1, and FEV1% FVC. COPD was categorized into four stages (I-IV) by the (GOLD) criteria of post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.70. For comparing the mean of pulmonary functions regarding the following variables, pulmonary symptoms, and co-morbidity diseases, t-test was used. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to get association between stages of COPD and study variables. Further analysis using multiple regressions was conducted to confirm the predictors of the pulmonary functions. The level of significance is taken as < 0.05.
The mean age of participants was 54.7543 ± 13.44. A total of 43 (19.5%) participants were COPD; 7% of them were Stage I, 23.3% were Stage II, 39.5% were Stage III, and 30.2% were Stage IV. The mean of FEV1 in participants with shortness of breath (P < 0.001), cough (P = 0.001), wheezing (P = 0.023), as well as cardiovascular disease (P = 0.038) was significantly less in compared to those without these symptoms and disease. Also the mean of FVC in participants with shortness of breath (P < 0.001) and cough (P = 0.029) was significantly less in compared to others. Finally, the mean of FEV1/FVC in participants with shortness of breath (P < 0.001), cough (P = 0.001), and wheezing (P = 0.01) was less. The relationship between stages of COPD and other variables indicated a significant association between stages of COPD and diabetes mellitus (β = -.342P = 0.030). According to linear regression model, shortness of breath was the only influential variable on FEV1 (B = -.383CI: -23.729, -12.155 < 0.001), FVC (B = -.296CI: -.365CI: -15.336, -6.082 < 0.001), and FEV1/FVC (B = -.365, CI: -18.362, -9.029 < 0.001).
Pulmonary symptoms including shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing influenced the lung function in adult smokers. Additionally, shortness of breath was associated with FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC. Cardiovascular disease decreased FEV1 in smokers, whereas diabetes mellitus was associated with milder COPD stages.
本研究旨在评估成年吸烟者肺部症状和合并疾病与肺功能之间的关系。
纳入350名20岁以上的成年男性。进行肺量计测试以测量用力肺活量（FVC）、第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）和FEV1/FVC。慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）根据支气管扩张剂后FEV1/FVC<0.70的全球慢性阻塞性肺疾病倡议（GOLD）标准分为四个阶段（I-IV）。为比较以下变量、肺部症状和合并疾病的肺功能均值，采用t检验。进行Spearman相关性分析以获取COPD阶段与研究变量之间的关联。使用多元回归进行进一步分析以确认肺功能的预测因素。显著性水平设定为<0.05。
参与者的平均年龄为54.7543±13.44岁。共有43名（19.5%）参与者患有COPD；其中7%为I期，23.3%为II期，39.5%为III期，30.2%为IV期。与没有这些症状和疾病的参与者相比，有呼吸急促（P<0.001）、咳嗽（P = 0.001）、喘息（P = 0.023）以及心血管疾病（P = 0.038）的参与者的FEV1均值显著更低。同样，有呼吸急促（P<0.001）和咳嗽（P = 0.029）的参与者的FVC均值也显著低于其他参与者。最后，有呼吸急促（P<0.001）、咳嗽（P = 0.001）和喘息（P = 0.01）的参与者的FEV1/FVC均值更低。COPD阶段与其他变量之间的关系表明，COPD阶段与糖尿病之间存在显著关联（β = -0.342，P = 0.030）。根据线性回归模型，呼吸急促是FEV1（B = -0.383，CI：-23.729，-12.155，P<0.001）、FVC（B = -0.296，CI：-0.365，CI：-15.336，-6.082，P<0.001）和FEV1/FVC（B = -0.365，CI：-18.362，-9.029，P<0.001）的唯一影响变量。
包括呼吸急促、咳嗽和喘息在内的肺部症状影响成年吸烟者的肺功能。此外，呼吸急促与FEV1、FVC和FEV1/FVC相关。心血管疾病会降低吸烟者的FEV1，而糖尿病与较轻的COPD阶段相关。
