Post R J, Crosskey R W
Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1985 Apr;79(2):169-94. doi: 10.1080/00034983.1985.11811905.
Because of the paucity of literature concerning onchocerciasis and its vectors in Sierra Leone, new information of the geographical distribution of the Simulium damnosum complex is presented in the context of a comprehensive review of what is known generally about S. damnosum s.l. in Sierra Leone, and how the data relate to the transmission of onchocerciasis. Neither biting adults nor breeding sites have been found on the coastal plain and Freetown peninsula, and these area seem to be free from infestation. Throughout the rest of the country S. damnosum s.l. breeds extensively in all the major river systems. The close proximity of the major rivers to one another facilitates inter-river migration, and ensures that most villages are well within the fly's dispersal range. In accordance with this, onchocerciasis is widespread throughout Sierra Leone and vector biting has been recorded away from riverine breeding sites. Seven cytospecies have been recorded in Sierra Leone but of these S. sirbanum and S. damnosum s.str. are rare outside the far north, in the narrow savanna belt. Simulium squamosum and S. yahense are widely distributed, although S. squamosum is somewhat less common than S. yahense which unexpectedly occurs in large rivers of the forest and savanna as well as small forest streams. Simulium sanctipauli has been found in the south-east of the country, where the forest is most dense, whereas S. soubrense occurs farther north. A new species referred to as S. soubrense 'B' is restricted to the south and west of the country. Over most of Sierra Leone onchocerciasis shows a 'forest' epidemiology and is transmitted by 'forest' vector cytospecies. However, data from the narrow savanna belt in the extreme north are sparse.
由于关于塞拉利昂盘尾丝虫病及其传播媒介的文献匮乏，本文在全面回顾塞拉利昂已知的罗蚋复合体（Simulium damnosum complex）相关信息以及这些数据与盘尾丝虫病传播关系的背景下，呈现了该复合体地理分布的新信息。在沿海平原和弗里敦半岛未发现叮咬成虫和繁殖地，这些地区似乎未受感染。在该国其他地区，罗蚋复合体在所有主要河流系统中广泛繁殖。主要河流彼此距离很近，便于河流间的迁移，并确保大多数村庄都在蚋的扩散范围内。据此，盘尾丝虫病在塞拉利昂广泛传播，并且在远离河流繁殖地的地方也记录到了媒介的叮咬。在塞拉利昂已记录到7个细胞种，但其中的锡尔巴纳罗蚋（S. sirbanum）和指名罗蚋（S. damnosum s.str.）在最北部以外的狭窄稀树草原带很少见。鳞状罗蚋（S. squamosum）和亚亨斯罗蚋（S. yahense）分布广泛，尽管鳞状罗蚋比意外出现在森林和稀树草原的大河以及小森林溪流中的亚亨斯罗蚋稍少见。圣保禄罗蚋（S. sanctipauli）在该国东南部森林最茂密的地方被发现，而苏布伦罗蚋（S. soubrense）出现在更北部。一种被称为苏布伦罗蚋“B”的新物种局限于该国南部和西部。在塞拉利昂的大部分地区，盘尾丝虫病呈现出“森林”流行病学特征，并由“森林”媒介细胞种传播。然而，最北部狭窄稀树草原带的数据稀少。
