Abdeen Asmaa M, Gharib Mustafa, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Y
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt.
Department of Radiation Biology, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Nasr City, Cairo, 11765, Egypt.
Odontology. 2025 Sep 18. doi: 10.1007/s10266-025-01198-y.
In light of the growing use of natural products in medicinal therapy, this study evaluated the proliferative effects of clove oil (CO) in two forms-native and loaded onto silica nanoparticles (CO@SNPs)-on Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGFs), both singly and in combination with low-dose gamma irradiation (0.25 Gy). Silica nanoparticles were chemically synthesized and loaded with clove oil, with thorough characterization conducted using dynamic light scattering (DLS) for particle size, zeta-potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The EC50 values of CO and CO@SNPs were determined to be 1.88 µmol/mL and 0.172 µmol/mL, respectively, demonstrating a superior proliferative efficacy of the CO@SNPs nanoformulation. The biological effects were assessed using the MTT assay for cell viability, Trypan blue exclusion for cell count, qPCR for gene expression of c-Myc, MAPK, and NF-κB, and antioxidant capacity assays (MDA and catalase activity). Moreover, the in vitro wound-healing scratch assay showed enhanced fibroblast migration and proliferation, with relative wound density reaching 48% and 62% for CO@SNPs alone and combined with low-dose gamma irradiation, respectively. Further analysis through immunofluorescence staining of TGF-β and hematoxylin staining confirmed cell proliferation. Our results showed that loading CO on silica nanoparticles (CO@SNPs) were significantly more efficient than native clove oil in promoting cell proliferation and wound healing, with the combined treatment of CO@SNPs and low-dose gamma irradiation producing the most pronounced regenerative effect. These findings suggest that CO@SNPs, especially when combined with low-dose gamma irradiation, hold significant promise for enhancing oral tissue regeneration.
鉴于天然产物在药物治疗中的应用日益广泛，本研究评估了两种形式的丁香油（CO）——天然形式和负载于二氧化硅纳米颗粒上的形式（CO@SNPs）——对人牙龈成纤维细胞（HGFs）的增殖作用，包括单独作用以及与低剂量γ射线照射（0.25 Gy）联合作用。化学合成了负载丁香油的二氧化硅纳米颗粒，并使用动态光散射（DLS）进行粒径、zeta电位测量、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）进行全面表征。CO和CO@SNPs的EC50值分别确定为1.88 μmol/mL和0.172 μmol/mL，表明CO@SNPs纳米制剂具有卓越的增殖功效。使用MTT法评估细胞活力、台盼蓝排斥法进行细胞计数、qPCR检测c-Myc、MAPK和NF-κB的基因表达以及抗氧化能力测定（MDA和过氧化氢酶活性）来评估生物学效应。此外，体外伤口愈合划痕试验显示成纤维细胞迁移和增殖增强，单独使用CO@SNPs以及与低剂量γ射线照射联合使用时，相对伤口密度分别达到48%和62%。通过TGF-β免疫荧光染色和苏木精染色的进一步分析证实了细胞增殖。我们的结果表明，将CO负载于二氧化硅纳米颗粒上（CO@SNPs）在促进细胞增殖和伤口愈合方面比天然丁香油显著更有效，CO@SNPs与低剂量γ射线照射的联合治疗产生最显著的再生效果。这些发现表明，CO@SNPs，尤其是与低剂量γ射线照射联合使用时，在增强口腔组织再生方面具有巨大潜力。
