德国VACCELERATE成年志愿者中5种呼吸道病毒的自我检测——一项关于多病原体快速抗原检测以监测社区获得性急性呼吸道感染的试点研究

Self-testing for 5 respiratory viruses in adult VACCELERATE volunteers in Germany-a pilot study on multi-pathogen rapid antigen testing to monitor community-acquired acute respiratory infections.

作者信息

Nacov Julia A, Salmanton-García Jon, Grimm Sarah, Stewart Fiona A, Cremer Louise M, Rochel Lisa Marie, Müller Erik, Joisten Carolin, Többen Christina, Mechtel Ben, Fleig Julian, Bethe Ullrich, Mellinghoff Sibylle C, Pana Zoi D, Schmitt Heinz-Josef, Cornely Oliver A, Stemler Jannik

机构信息

Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

出版信息

Front Public Health. 2025 Sep 3;13:1638280. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1638280. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1638280

PMID:40969624

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12440861/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the most common human infections. Diagnostic testing for respiratory pathogens is largely restricted to medical institutions. Self-testing may allow for real-time epidemiological monitoring of ARI pathogens, in particular in individuals not seeking medical attention.

METHODS

Adults from the VACCELERATE Volunteer Registry received a test-kit for multiple respiratory antigens, a laminar flow device (LFD) detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza viruses A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus (ADV) from a single nasal swab. During one winter season, participants self-tested upon ARI symptoms, reported LFD result as well as symptoms, vaccination history, and any underlying conditions. Participants who remained without ARI symptoms self-tested on the last day of the study period.

RESULTS

Between December 7, 2022, and June 2, 2023, 1,429 participants communicated their self-testing results. Of these 1,119 (78.3%) individuals had developed ARI symptoms and self-tested until May 31, 2023. Overall, 359 of 1,119 (32.1%) tests were positive with 17 (1.5%) co-detections, resulting in 377 detected pathogens overall. Thirteen tests (1.2%) were invalid or failed technically, and 747 (66.8%) were negative. The most frequently detected pathogen was SARS-CoV-2 ( = 178; 47.2%) followed by RSV ( = 109; 28.9%) and influenza A virus ( = 74; 19.6%). ADV was detected in 10 (2.7%) and influenza B virus in six (1.6%) samples only. Participants with detection of influenza A virus reported more often cough (91%), fever (59.7%), and myalgia (43.3%) than participants with detection of RSV or SARS-CoV-2. The remaining 310 participants (21.7%) who had not developed ARI symptoms self-tested on June 1, 2023, yielding an RSV point prevalence of 7.1%.

CONCLUSION

This study allowed real-time reporting of five endemic ARI pathogens in a citizen science project. Symptom burden was highest in influenza A. Seasonal and off-seasonal RSV detection hint toward relevant RSV circulation in adults all year round.

摘要

背景

急性呼吸道感染（ARI）是人类最常见的感染。呼吸道病原体的诊断检测主要局限于医疗机构。自我检测可能有助于对ARI病原体进行实时流行病学监测，尤其是对于未寻求医疗护理的个体。

方法

来自VACCELERATE志愿者登记处的成年人收到了一种用于检测多种呼吸道抗原的检测试剂盒，该试剂盒是一种层流装置（LFD），可从单个鼻拭子中检测严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）、甲型和乙型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）和腺病毒（ADV）。在一个冬季，参与者在出现ARI症状时进行自我检测，报告LFD结果以及症状、疫苗接种史和任何基础疾病。在研究期最后一天仍无ARI症状的参与者进行自我检测。

结果

在2022年12月7日至2023年6月2日期间，1429名参与者报告了他们的自我检测结果。其中1119名（78.3%）个体出现了ARI症状，并在2023年5月31日前进行了自我检测。总体而言，1119次检测中有359次（32.1%）呈阳性，其中17次（1.5%）为共同检测，总共检测到377种病原体。13次检测（1.2%）无效或技术失败，747次（66.8%）为阴性。最常检测到的病原体是SARS-CoV-2（n = 178；47.2%），其次是RSV（n = 109；28.9%）和甲型流感病毒（n = 74；19.6%）。仅在10个（2.7%）样本中检测到ADV，在6个（1.6%）样本中检测到乙型流感病毒。检测到甲型流感病毒的参与者比检测到RSV或SARS-CoV-2的参与者更常报告咳嗽（91%）、发热（59.7%）和肌痛（43.3%）。其余310名（21.7%）未出现ARI症状的参与者于2023年6月1日进行了自我检测，RSV的点患病率为7.1%。