Zhou Hongshuai, Zhang Jinhao, Bai Benfeng, Mei Xiran, Hao Xiaopeng, Song Jian, Guo Guorui, Chen Jialin, Tian Tian, Zhou Qian, Ni Kai, Liu Xueqing, Sun Hong-Bo
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Adv Mater. 2025 Sep 20:e12727. doi: 10.1002/adma.202512727.
Blackbodies, ideal light-absorbing objects per Planck's law, do not occur in nature on Earth. Nevertheless, they are of utmost significance in applications across astronomy, optoelectronics, and thermal radiation engineering. While artificial counterparts such as cavity blackbodies and plane blackbodies can approximate ideal blackbodies to some extent, they are beset with problems, including large volume, low emissivity, narrow bandwidth, poor uniformity, and feeble adhesion. Here, a method relying on ultrafast laser direct irradiation is reported, which enables fast writing of uniform plane blackbodies with high-emissivity over 0.98 in an ultra-broadband spectrum of 3-14 µm on a doped silicon surface. A phenomenon of energy negative feedback regulation in laser-material is discovered, which allows for the simultaneous implementation of hierarchical surface structuring and nanodefect-induced energy-level engineering. The resulting micro-nano hierarchical cone-array structure effectively curbs light back-scattering and intensifies nanodefect-induced absorption. Since the laser-treated surface does not entail material adhesion or injection, it exhibits superior stability in contrast to traditional black coatings. This is corroborated by high-temperature tests exceeding 900 °C and repeated mechanical exfoliation tests, underscoring its resilience in harsh environmental conditions.
根据普朗克定律，黑体是理想的光吸收物体，在地球上的自然界中并不存在。然而，它们在天文学、光电子学和热辐射工程等应用中具有极其重要的意义。虽然诸如腔式黑体和平面黑体等人工仿制品在一定程度上可以近似理想黑体，但它们存在诸多问题，包括体积大、发射率低、带宽窄、均匀性差和附着力弱等。在此，报道了一种基于超快激光直接辐照的方法，该方法能够在掺杂硅表面上，在3 - 14 µm的超宽带光谱范围内快速写入发射率高于0.98的均匀平面黑体。发现了激光与材料相互作用中的能量负反馈调节现象，这使得能够同时实现分级表面结构化和纳米缺陷诱导的能级工程。由此产生的微纳分级锥形阵列结构有效地抑制了光的反向散射，并增强了纳米缺陷诱导的吸收。由于激光处理过的表面不需要材料附着或注入，与传统黑色涂层相比，它表现出卓越的稳定性。超过900°C的高温测试和反复的机械剥离测试证实了这一点，突出了其在恶劣环境条件下的耐久性。
