Kanannejad Zahra, Kheshtchin Nassim, Nabavizadeh Hesamedin
Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Iran.
Am J Clin Exp Immunol. 2025 Aug 15;14(4):167-184. doi: 10.62347/FNFJ5275. eCollection 2025.
Successful implantation and pregnancy rely on complex interactions between the embryo and the maternal reproductive tract. Seminal plasma components, including proteins, cytokines, and growth factors, are pivotal in enhancing endometrial receptivity and inducing maternal immune tolerance to the developing conceptus. Exposure to seminal plasma facilitates pathogen clearance, supports embryo development, and modulates immune responses by altering the endometrial transcriptome and promoting regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion. Proteomic studies have identified seminal plasma factors involved in these processes. Changes in the immunomodulatory components of seminal plasma can diminish its positive effects on the endometrium, potentially resulting in reduced fertility and increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review explores how seminal plasma influences maternal immune responses and highlights the clinical implications, particularly its potential to improve outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like in vitro fertilization (IVF). Understanding the molecular dialogue between seminal plasma and the endometrium may lead to new strategies for enhancing fertility and promoting healthy pregnancy.
成功着床和妊娠依赖于胚胎与母体生殖道之间复杂的相互作用。精浆成分，包括蛋白质、细胞因子和生长因子，在增强子宫内膜容受性和诱导母体对发育中的胚胎产生免疫耐受方面起着关键作用。接触精浆有助于清除病原体、支持胚胎发育，并通过改变子宫内膜转录组和促进调节性T细胞（Treg）扩增来调节免疫反应。蛋白质组学研究已经确定了参与这些过程的精浆因子。精浆免疫调节成分的变化会削弱其对子宫内膜的积极作用，可能导致生育能力下降和不良妊娠结局风险增加。本综述探讨了精浆如何影响母体免疫反应，并强调了其临床意义，特别是其在改善体外受精（IVF）等辅助生殖技术（ART）结局方面的潜力。了解精浆与子宫内膜之间的分子对话可能会带来提高生育能力和促进健康妊娠的新策略。
