Alam S M Shahriar, Tasnim Mashiat, Amin Tasbir, Islam S M Bakhtiar Ul
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Cancer Control. 2025 Jan-Dec;32:10732748251382295. doi: 10.1177/10732748251382295. Epub 2025 Sep 24.
When considering treatment-related side effects, cancer therapies often present the most significant severity. Given considerations of safety and efficacy, there is a growing inclination towards biological therapeutic approaches, with Oncolytic Viruses (OVs) emerging as a prominent focus. Initial investigations into OVs commenced with Adenovirus, subsequently leading to the study of other viruses, including Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Reovirus, and measles virus, evaluating their potential safety profiles and antitumor efficacy in human subjects. The fundamental principle underlying OV-based cancer therapy lies in harnessing viral infectivity and immunogenicity, which are engineered for selective targeting of tumor cells. Following the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the HSV-based therapy (T-VEC) for Melanoma, interest in exploring other viral platforms for the potential treatment of various cancer types has notably expanded. A considerable number of OVs have progressed to various stages of clinical evaluation. This review provides an in-depth examination of OV classification, mechanisms of action, delivery strategies, and crucial genetic modifications, furthermore summarizing data from pivotal trials to underscore the efficacy and advancement of OVs from investigational modalities to clinical implementation. For the scope of this review, clinical trial data spanning the past 11 years (2013 to 2024) were accessed from ClinicalTrials.gov and further categorized according to their ongoing clinical trial phases and their utilization in combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) or other established therapies. In summary, this work presents a comprehensive overview of recent developments within the field of cancer therapy, specifically concerning Oncolytic Viruses.
在考虑与治疗相关的副作用时，癌症治疗往往具有最严重的程度。出于安全性和有效性的考虑，人们越来越倾向于生物治疗方法，溶瘤病毒（OVs）成为一个突出的焦点。对OVs的初步研究始于腺病毒，随后导致对其他病毒的研究，包括单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）、呼肠孤病毒和麻疹病毒，评估它们在人类受试者中的潜在安全性和抗肿瘤疗效。基于OV的癌症治疗的基本原理在于利用病毒的感染性和免疫原性，对其进行改造以选择性地靶向肿瘤细胞。在美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准基于HSV的黑色素瘤治疗方法（T-VEC）后，探索其他病毒平台用于治疗各种癌症类型的兴趣显著增加。相当数量的OVs已进入临床评估的各个阶段。本综述深入研究了OV的分类、作用机制、递送策略和关键基因修饰，此外还总结了关键试验的数据，以强调OVs从研究模式到临床应用的疗效和进展。在本综述范围内，从ClinicalTrials.gov获取了过去11年（2013年至2024年）的临床试验数据，并根据其正在进行的临床试验阶段以及与免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）或其他既定疗法联合使用的情况进行了进一步分类。总之，这项工作全面概述了癌症治疗领域，特别是溶瘤病毒的最新进展。
