Atli Ecenur, Topaloglu Mahir, Hosbay Zeynep, Ozdincler Arzu Razak
Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Graduate Education Institute, Biruni University, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Koc University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2025 Aug 13;59(5):259-264. doi: 10.5152/j.aott.2025.25299.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the intrarater and interrater reliability of handheld dynamometer (HHD) measurements in assessing isometric muscle strength of the shoulder abductors and to compare these results with those obtained using a fixed dynamometer (FD). Methods: The study involved 25 voluntary participants, all over the age of 18, asymptomatic (with no injuries in the upper extremity), and not engaged in overhead sports. The participants were evaluated twice by 2 di!erent testers who were experienced in orthopedic rehabilitation, at 90 degrees of shoulder abduction in the scapular plane. On the first measurement day, Tester 1 performed measurements using both HHD and FD, while on the second measurement day, both testers used only the HHD. A 3- to 7-day interval separated the 2 measurement sessions. Paired-samples t-tests were used to evaluate the systematic bias between the testers. Spearman's rank correlation coe"cient, intraclass correlation coe"cient, standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change were calculated. The statistical significance level was accepted as P < .05. Results: Data from 22 participants (15 women, 7 men; mean age: 23.00 ± 3.19 years) were analyzed, as 3 individuals did not attend the final assessment. A strong correlation (r=0.772) was found between Tester 1's HHD measurements and FD, while a similarly strong correlation (r=0.748) was observed for Tester 2's HHD measurements. Excellent intrarater reliability (intraclass correlation coe"cient [ICC]=0.941) was found between Tester 1's measurements, and excellent interrater reliability (ICC=0.889) was found between testers. Conclusion: Handheld dynamometer has demonstrated excellent interrater and intrarater reliability and high validity for assessing shoulder abductor muscle strength in research and clinical use. Since the muscle strength of testers using the HHD may influence the results, the FD may be a more appropriate option when the study population is stronger than the testers. Studies involving di!erent clinical populations and testers with varying experience levels are needed to improve the relevance of the results. Level of Evidence: Level III, Diagnostic Study.
本研究旨在探讨手持测力计（HHD）测量肩外展肌等长肌力时的测量者内和测量者间信度，并将这些结果与使用固定测力计（FD）获得的结果进行比较。方法：该研究纳入了25名自愿参与者，均年满18岁，无症状（上肢无损伤），且不从事过头运动。参与者在肩胛平面肩外展90度时由2名在骨科康复方面经验丰富的不同测试者进行了两次评估。在第一次测量日，测试者1使用HHD和FD进行测量，而在第二次测量日，两名测试者仅使用HHD。两次测量之间间隔3至7天。采用配对样本t检验评估测试者之间的系统偏差。计算了Spearman等级相关系数、组内相关系数、测量标准误差和最小可检测变化。统计学显著性水平设定为P < 0.05。结果：分析了22名参与者（15名女性，7名男性；平均年龄：23.00 ± 3.19岁）的数据，因为有3名个体未参加最终评估。测试者1的HHD测量值与FD之间发现强相关性（r = 0.772），测试者2的HHD测量值也观察到类似的强相关性（r = 0.748）。在测试者1的测量之间发现了出色的测量者内信度（组内相关系数[ICC]=0.941），在测试者之间发现了出色的测量者间信度（ICC = 0.889）。结论：手持测力计在研究和临床应用中已证明在评估肩外展肌力量方面具有出色的测量者间和测量者内信度以及高有效性。由于使用HHD的测试者的肌肉力量可能会影响结果，当研究人群比测试者更强壮时，FD可能是更合适的选择。需要开展涉及不同临床人群和经验水平各异的测试者的研究，以提高结果的相关性。证据水平：III级，诊断性研究。
