Huang Shuaiwang, Chen Zhanglin, Li Haoming, Zheng Lan, Zhou Zuoqiong, Peng Xiyang, Tang Changfa
Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
Front Physiol. 2025 Sep 10;16:1642389. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1642389. eCollection 2025.
Physiological cardiac hypertrophy represents an adaptive response of the heart to chronic physiological stimuli, including sustained exercise, and is characterized by cardiomyocyte enlargement and structural optimization to enhance pumping efficiency. While several studies on cardiac physiological adaptation have been published recently, a systematic integration of information on exercise-regulated hormonal and growth factor networks remains lacking. To address this limitation, toward the systematization of a 'multi-dimensional mechanism' model, here we review the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy, with particular focus on how physical activity regulates hormones and growth factors including insulin-like growth factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, neuregulin-1, and norepinephrine. These mediators activate intricate signaling pathway networks that promote protein synthesis in cardiomyocytes, strengthen myocardial contractility, and induce angiogenesis. The highlighted findings not only provide novel insights into the cardioprotective mechanisms of exercise but also identify potential biomarkers that enable the development of precision exercise prescriptions tailored to individuals with cardiovascular diseases.
生理性心脏肥大是心脏对包括持续运动在内的慢性生理刺激的一种适应性反应，其特征是心肌细胞增大和结构优化，以提高泵血效率。虽然最近已经发表了几项关于心脏生理适应的研究，但仍缺乏对运动调节的激素和生长因子网络信息的系统整合。为了解决这一局限性，朝着“多维机制”模型的系统化方向，我们在此回顾运动诱导生理性心脏肥大的分子机制，特别关注身体活动如何调节激素和生长因子，包括胰岛素样生长因子-1、血管内皮生长因子、神经调节蛋白-1和去甲肾上腺素。这些介质激活复杂的信号通路网络，促进心肌细胞中的蛋白质合成，增强心肌收缩力，并诱导血管生成。突出的研究结果不仅为运动的心脏保护机制提供了新的见解，还确定了潜在的生物标志物，这些生物标志物能够开发针对心血管疾病患者的个性化精准运动处方。
