Savas Sumeyra, Gharibzahedi Seyed Mohammad Taghi
Biosensors and Biotechnology Laboratory (BBL), Medical School, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, 10200 Bandırma, Balıkesir, Türkiye.
Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany.
Biosensors (Basel). 2025 Sep 2;15(9):574. doi: 10.3390/bios15090574.
Recent progress in microfluidic technologies has led to the development of compact and highly efficient electrochemical platforms, including lab-on-a-chip (LoC) systems, that integrate multiple testing functions into a single, portable device. Combined with smartphone-based electrochemical devices, these systems enable rapid and accurate on-site detection of food contaminants, including pesticides, heavy metals, pathogens, and chemical additives at farms, markets, and processing facilities, significantly reducing the need for traditional laboratories. Smartphones improve the performance of these platforms by providing computational power, wireless connectivity, and high-resolution imaging, making them ideal for in-field food safety testing with minimal sample and reagent requirements. At the core of these systems are electrochemical biosensors, which convert specific biochemical reactions into electrical signals, ensuring highly sensitive and selective detection. Advanced nanomaterials and integration with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have further improved performance, delivering cost-effective, user-friendly food monitoring solutions that meet regulatory safety and quality standards. Analytical techniques such as voltammetry, amperometry, and impedance spectroscopy increase accuracy even in complex food samples. Moreover, low-cost engineering, artificial intelligence (AI), and nanotechnology enhance the sensitivity, affordability, and data analysis capabilities of smartphone-integrated electrochemical devices, facilitating their deployment for on-site monitoring of food and agricultural contaminants. This review explains how these technologies address global food safety challenges through rapid, reliable, and portable detection, supporting food quality, sustainability, and public health.
微流控技术的最新进展推动了紧凑且高效的电化学平台的发展，其中包括芯片实验室（LoC）系统，这些系统将多种测试功能集成到单个便携式设备中。与基于智能手机的电化学设备相结合，这些系统能够在农场、市场和加工设施中快速准确地现场检测食品污染物，包括农药、重金属、病原体和化学添加剂，大大减少了对传统实验室的需求。智能手机通过提供计算能力、无线连接和高分辨率成像来提升这些平台的性能，使其成为现场食品安全检测的理想选择，所需样品和试剂最少。这些系统的核心是电化学生物传感器，它将特定的生化反应转化为电信号，确保高灵敏度和高选择性检测。先进的纳米材料以及与物联网（IoT）技术的集成进一步提升了性能，提供了符合监管安全和质量标准的经济高效、用户友好的食品监测解决方案。伏安法、安培法和阻抗谱等分析技术即使在复杂的食品样品中也能提高检测准确性。此外，低成本工程、人工智能（AI）和纳米技术提升了集成智能手机的电化学设备的灵敏度、可承受性和数据分析能力，便于其用于食品和农业污染物的现场监测。本综述解释了这些技术如何通过快速、可靠和便携式检测应对全球食品安全挑战，支持食品质量、可持续性和公共卫生。
