Bachtiar Boy M, Bachtiar Endang W, Jakubovics Nicholas S, Fath Turmidzi, Sumardi Sariesendy, Ismah Nada, Haerani Natalina, Tadjoedin Fatimah Maria, Radzi Zamri
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
Dent J (Basel). 2025 Sep 4;13(9):405. doi: 10.3390/dj13090405.
: Orthodontic mini-implants (MI) create new niches that may alter the oral microbiota and modulate host immune responses. While clinical inflammation is not always evident, microbial and molecular changes may precede visible signs of peri-implant infection. This study investigated microbial shifts and inflammatory responses following MI placement, with a focus on Saccharibacteria, nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB), and periodontopathogens. : Saliva and peri mini-implant crevicular fluid (PMICF) samples were collected from eight orthodontic patients at baseline (T0), one week (T1), and one month (T2) after mini-implant placement. DNA was extracted from each saliva and PMICF sample and pooled across the eight patients for each time point. The pooled DNA were then subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Oxford Nanopore MinION platform. Statistical analysis was performed to determine shifts in bacterial abundance, diversity, and co-occurrence patterns across the different sample types (saliva vs. PMICF) and time points. : Alpha diversity decreased in PMICF at T2, while it remained stable in saliva samples. Periodontopathogens (, , ) increased in PMICF at T2, while NRB and Saccharibacteria, along with a representative host bacterium (), remained relatively stable. Co-occurrence analysis showed antagonistic relationships between Saccahribacteria/NRB and periodontopathogens. IL-6 significantly decreased from T1 to T2, while CRP showed a non-significant downward trend. The expression of nitrate reductase genes and remained stable across time intervals. : Despite no clinical inflammation, MI placement led to localized microbial shift and mild inflammatory responses. NRB and Saccharibacteria's stability and antagonistic relationship to periodontopathogens may indicate that they could be involved in maintaining microbial homeostasis. These findings highlight possible early biomarkers and ecological strategies to support oral health in MI patients.
正畸微型种植体（MI）会形成新的微环境，可能改变口腔微生物群并调节宿主免疫反应。虽然临床炎症并不总是明显，但微生物和分子变化可能先于种植体周围感染的可见迹象出现。本研究调查了MI植入后的微生物变化和炎症反应，重点关注糖细菌、硝酸盐还原菌（NRB）和牙周病原体。
从8名正畸患者在微型种植体植入前（T0）、植入后1周（T1）和1个月（T2）收集唾液和微型种植体周围龈沟液（PMICF）样本。从每个唾液和PMICF样本中提取DNA，并在每个时间点将8名患者的样本合并。然后使用牛津纳米孔MinION平台对合并的DNA进行16S rRNA基因测序。进行统计分析以确定不同样本类型（唾液与PMICF）和时间点之间细菌丰度、多样性和共现模式的变化。
T2时PMICF中的α多样性降低，而唾液样本中保持稳定。牙周病原体（、、）在T2时PMICF中增加，而NRB和糖细菌以及一种代表性的宿主细菌（）保持相对稳定。共现分析显示糖细菌/NRB与牙周病原体之间存在拮抗关系。IL-6从T1到T2显著降低，而CRP呈非显著下降趋势。硝酸盐还原酶基因和的表达在各时间间隔内保持稳定。
尽管没有临床炎症，但MI植入导致局部微生物变化和轻度炎症反应。NRB和糖细菌的稳定性以及它们与牙周病原体的拮抗关系可能表明它们参与维持微生物稳态。这些发现突出了支持MI患者口腔健康的可能早期生物标志物和生态策略。
