Yamazaki Yudai, Sato Daisuke, Yamashiro Koya
Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Adv Neurobiol. 2025;44:405-430. doi: 10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_22.
Aerobic exercise works as a "brain stimulation" or "medicine" to improve executive function, memory, and mental health. In addition to this evidence, recent studies have demonstrated that aerobic exercise positively affects neuroplasticity in the sensorimotor cortex, which is essential for motor skill learning, or rehabilitation in patients with central nervous system disorders. A shift in the excitatory/inhibitory balance within the sensorimotor cortex through the modulation of intracortical excitability elicited by aerobic exercise has been postulated as the underlying mechanism. In this chapter, we focus on acute aerobic exercise and summarize the effects of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity in the sensorimotor cortex. Additionally, we describe the effects of acute aerobic exercise on changes in intracortical excitability and shifts in excitatory/inhibitory balance, which are considered mechanisms of enhanced neuroplasticity, with a brief explanation of the methods used to evaluate them. We provide important insights into the potential benefits of exercise beyond cognition and memory, thus expanding the role of aerobic exercise as a "brain stimulation" and "medicine."
有氧运动作为一种“大脑刺激”或“药物”，可改善执行功能、记忆力和心理健康。除了这些证据外，最近的研究表明，有氧运动对感觉运动皮层的神经可塑性有积极影响，这对运动技能学习或中枢神经系统疾病患者的康复至关重要。有氧运动引起的皮质内兴奋性调节导致感觉运动皮层内兴奋/抑制平衡的改变，被认为是其潜在机制。在本章中，我们重点关注急性有氧运动，并总结有氧运动对感觉运动皮层神经可塑性的影响。此外，我们描述了急性有氧运动对皮质内兴奋性变化和兴奋/抑制平衡改变的影响，这些被认为是神经可塑性增强的机制，并简要解释了用于评估它们的方法。我们为运动在认知和记忆之外的潜在益处提供了重要见解，从而扩展了有氧运动作为“大脑刺激”和“药物”的作用。
