Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Neonatal Impact Through the Lens of Current Evidence.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most prevalent hepatobiliary disorder unique to gestation, characterized by maternal pruritus and elevated serum bile acids. While maternal prognosis is favorable, mounting evidence links ICP to a range of neonatal complications. This narrative review aims to synthesize the current knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical impact and management strategies related to neonatal outcomes in ICP. A narrative review approach was employed, drawing on recent clinical guidelines, observational studies, mechanistic investigations and meta-analyses. Emphasis was placed on evidence exploring the relationship between maternal bile acid concentrations and neonatal morbidity, as well as on established and emerging therapeutic interventions. No systematic search strategy or formal quality appraisal was undertaken. ICP is associated with an increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes, including spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, respiratory distress syndrome and stillbirth, particularly when bile acid concentrations exceed 100 μmol/L. Proposed mechanisms include placental vasoconstriction, arrhythmogenic effects and surfactant inhibition. Ursodeoxycholic acid remains the most widely used pharmacologic agent for maternal symptom relief, although evidence supporting neonatal benefit is inconclusive. Delivery by 36-37 weeks is generally recommended in cases of severe cholestasis to mitigate fetal risk. Severe ICP confers substantial neonatal risk, requiring individualized, bile-acid-guided management. While current therapies offer symptomatic maternal benefit, optimization of fetal outcomes requires timely diagnosis, vigilant surveillance and evidence-based delivery planning. Further research is warranted to refine therapeutic targets and standardize clinical practice.