González Hidalgo Sara, Diez Baños Natividad, Hidalgo Argüello María Del Rosario, Martínez-Delgado Angelica
Department of Animal Health, Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Sep 10;15(18):2649. doi: 10.3390/ani15182649.
The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of in kept in natural conditions in the Riaño Regional Hunting Reserve, north-west of Spain, where several species of domestic and wild animals coexist. One hundred red deer were examined and classified according to age, sex, and sampling season. After the necropsy of the animals, the liver was removed and inspected to obtain the adult parasites of . Faecal samples were collected and processed using the coprological sedimentation technique. The prevalence of this trematode by necropsy was 12%, with a low number of specimens per animal (x¯ = 2.7 ± 1.5; range 1-6). The young animals and the males had a higher prevalence than the adults and the females, finding statistically significant differences only according to the host age. Significant variations were also observed when considering the seasons of the year, with the highest number of infected animals in spring. The histopathological study revealed the presence of lesions compatible with a chronic fasciolosis similar to that found in domestic animals. The shedding of eggs was quite low in terms of prevalence (6%) and mean intensity of infection (x¯ = 27.3 ± 20.6, range 4-60 epg), being in young animals, in males, and in spring, where the greatest excretion of eggs was observed. These results suggest that the deer are suitable definitive hosts for in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, but they are unusual hosts. The serum samples were analysed using a native excretory/secretory antigen (FhES) and a 2.9 kDa recombinant protein (FhrAPS) used for diagnosis of early and current fasciolosis in livestock. A commercial kit for serodiagnosis of in sheep and cattle, based on a monoclonal antibody (BIO K 211), was also evaluated in red deer. The seroprevalence of seropositivity of by FhES-ELISA was 32%, by FhrAPS-ELISA 13%, and by BIO K 211, 9%. In the three serological tests, the seroprevalence obtained was higher in adult animals, in males, and in spring. In the three serological tests used to understand the epidemiology of in red deer, we have observed that the sensitivity was low, perhaps due to the use of an anti-bovine IgG1 as a conjugate, so in future immunodiagnostic tests, it would be more desirable to obtain an anti-deer IgG, probably achieving better results. Due to these results, it is essential to investigate other serological or molecular tests that allow us to know the real importance of in deer and other wild animals. The role of deer as a reservoir of this trematode does not appear to be very important.
本研究的目的是调查西班牙西北部里亚诺地区狩猎保护区自然环境中圈养的[具体物种未提及]的流行病学情况，该保护区内多种家养动物和野生动物共存。对100只马鹿进行了检查，并根据年龄、性别和采样季节进行分类。在对动物进行尸检后，取出肝脏并检查以获取[具体寄生虫未提及]的成虫。收集粪便样本并使用粪便沉淀技术进行处理。通过尸检发现这种吸虫的感染率为12%，每只动物体内的虫体数量较少（x¯ = 2.7 ± 1.5；范围为1 - 6）。幼龄动物和雄性动物的感染率高于成年动物和雌性动物，仅根据宿主年龄发现了统计学上的显著差异。在考虑一年中的季节时也观察到了显著变化，春季感染动物的数量最多。组织病理学研究显示存在与家畜中发现的慢性肝片吸虫病相符的病变。就感染率（6%）和平均感染强度（x¯ = 27.3 ± 20.6，范围为4 - 60个虫卵/克粪便）而言，[具体寄生虫未提及]虫卵的排泄量相当低，在幼龄动物、雄性动物以及春季观察到了最高的虫卵排泄量。这些结果表明，在伊比利亚半岛西北部，马鹿是[具体寄生虫未提及]的合适终末宿主，但它们是不常见的宿主。使用用于诊断家畜早期和当前肝片吸虫病的天然排泄/分泌抗原（FhES）和2.9 kDa重组蛋白（FhrAPS）对血清样本进行了分析。还在马鹿中评估了一种基于单克隆抗体（BIO K 211）的用于绵羊和牛的[具体寄生虫未提及]血清学诊断商业试剂盒。通过FhES - ELISA检测[具体寄生虫未提及]血清阳性的血清阳性率为32%，通过FhrAPS - ELISA为13%，通过BIO K 211为9%。在这三种血清学检测中，成年动物、雄性动物和春季的血清阳性率更高。在用于了解马鹿中[具体寄生虫未提及]流行病学的这三种血清学检测中，我们观察到敏感性较低，可能是由于使用抗牛IgG1作为缀合物，因此在未来的免疫诊断检测中，更希望获得抗马鹿IgG，可能会取得更好的结果。由于这些结果，有必要研究其他血清学或分子检测方法，以便我们了解[具体寄生虫未提及]在马鹿和其他野生动物中的实际重要性。马鹿作为这种吸虫储存宿主的作用似乎不太重要。
