Caichiolo Micol, d'Ippolito Giuliana, Grazioso Angela, Rampazzo Chiara, Marchetto Angelica, Caldara Fabrizio, Dalla Valle Luisa, La Rocca Nicoletta
Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy.
Pietro D'Abano Thermal Studies Center, Via Jappelli 5, 35031 Padova, Italy.
Biomolecules. 2025 Sep 10;15(9):1301. doi: 10.3390/biom15091301.
Cyanobacteria are a natural source of bioactive compounds increasingly recognized for their anti-inflammatory properties. In the Euganean Thermal District (Italy), thermal muds, used to cure arthro-rheumatic diseases, are prepared using natural clay and thermal water, resulting in a mature mud characterized by a complex microbial biofilm dominated by Cyanobacteria. Among these, sp. ETS-05 has been shown to contribute to the therapeutic properties of the mud, mainly through the production of bioactive compounds such as exopolysaccharides (EPSs) and glycoglycerolipids (GLs). In contrast, the role of biomolecules from ETS-09 and ETS-13, also abundant in mature muds but at higher maturation temperatures, has not been investigated. This study focuses on the lipid profiles of these cyanobacteria, cultivated under temperature conditions that mimic their natural environment and that are different for the three species. Lipid extracts were analyzed for GLs classes and fatty acid composition, and their anti-inflammatory potential was assessed in vivo using a zebrafish inflammation model. All extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity with sp. ETS-05 displaying the highest lipid content and the most rapid and potent beneficial effect, likely due to the specific composition of its GLs, presenting the greatest abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These findings provide new insights into the biological basis of the therapeutic effects of Euganean muds and emphasize the importance of maturation conditions for cyanobacterial growth and bioactive lipid production.
蓝藻是生物活性化合物的天然来源，其抗炎特性日益受到认可。在意大利的尤加尼温泉区，用于治疗关节风湿性疾病的热泥是用天然粘土和温泉水制备的， resulting in a mature mud characterized by a complex microbial biofilm dominated by Cyanobacteria. 其中，ETS - 05菌株已被证明对泥浆的治疗特性有贡献，主要是通过产生胞外多糖（EPSs）和糖甘油脂（GLs）等生物活性化合物。相比之下，ETS - 09和ETS - 13的生物分子在成熟泥浆中也很丰富，但在更高的成熟温度下，其作用尚未得到研究。本研究聚焦于这些蓝藻的脂质谱，它们在模拟其自然环境且三种菌株不同的温度条件下培养。对脂质提取物进行GLs类别和脂肪酸组成分析，并使用斑马鱼炎症模型在体内评估其抗炎潜力。所有提取物均显示出抗炎活性，其中ETS - 05菌株的脂质含量最高，有益效果最迅速且显著，这可能归因于其GLs的特定组成，其中多不饱和脂肪酸含量最为丰富。这些发现为尤加尼泥浆治疗效果的生物学基础提供了新见解，并强调了成熟条件对蓝藻生长和生物活性脂质产生的重要性。
