Juricic Helena, Cuccioloni Massimiliano, Bonfili Laura, Angeletti Mauro, Uberti Daniela, Eleuteri Anna Maria, Abate Giulia, Cecarini Valentina
School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
Division of Pharmacology-Department of Molecular and Traslational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 Sep 9;14(9):1099. doi: 10.3390/antiox14091099.
γ-Oryzanol is a complex mixture of ferulic acid esters of phytosterols and triterpene alcohols predominantly found in rice bran. It exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering effects, as well as the ability to modulate cellular metabolic pathways in both in vitro and in vivo models. The composition and concentration of γ-oryzanol vary significantly among rice varieties and are influenced by genetic, environmental, and technological factors. Advances in extraction methods, including traditional solvent extraction and innovative approaches such as supercritical fluid extraction, have improved yield and purity, supporting its use in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. Current research in the biological, biomedical, and cosmetic fields is actively investigating γ-oryzanol's mechanisms of action in metabolic regulation and inflammation, as well as developing advanced formulation strategies to enhance its antioxidant, skin-protective, and functional properties. These efforts aim to optimize its delivery and efficacy by addressing challenges related to poor water solubility and bioavailability, thereby expanding its role as a multifunctional bioactive compound. This review provides a comprehensive overview on γ-oryzanol, focusing on its extraction techniques, chemical characterization, and biological/pharmacological activities. Additionally, clinical trials investigating its efficacy and safety have been thoroughly dissected, offering valuable insights into its therapeutic potential in human populations.
γ-谷维素是一种主要存在于米糠中的植物甾醇和三萜醇阿魏酸酯的复杂混合物。它具有广泛的生物活性，包括抗氧化、抗炎和降脂作用，以及在体外和体内模型中调节细胞代谢途径的能力。γ-谷维素的组成和浓度在不同水稻品种间差异显著，并受遗传、环境和技术因素影响。提取方法的进步，包括传统溶剂提取和超临界流体萃取等创新方法，提高了产量和纯度，支持其在功能性食品、营养保健品和化妆品中的应用。目前在生物、生物医学和化妆品领域的研究正在积极探究γ-谷维素在代谢调节和炎症方面的作用机制，以及开发先进的配方策略以增强其抗氧化、皮肤保护和功能特性。这些努力旨在通过解决与水溶性差和生物利用度低相关的挑战来优化其递送和功效，从而扩大其作为多功能生物活性化合物的作用。本综述全面概述了γ-谷维素，重点关注其提取技术、化学特性以及生物/药理活性。此外，对其疗效和安全性的临床试验也进行了深入剖析，为其在人群中的治疗潜力提供了有价值的见解。
