Tolendiuly Sanat, Akishev Adil, Fomenko Sergey, Nur-Akasyah Jaafar, Ilhamsyah Abu Bakar Putra, Rakhym Nursultan
Institute of Combustion Problems, Almaty 480012, Kazakhstan.
Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Sep 13;18(18):4299. doi: 10.3390/ma18184299.
An overview of research on superconducting materials has been provided, including brief annotations of published papers and scientific cooperation among the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. It is shown that fundamental research on superconducting materials is being funded for development and study more at the government level in each republic than from private funds or organizations. One of the most promising materials, as indicated by recent studies, are those synthesized from metal hydrides, particularly lanthanum hydride, which exhibits superconducting properties at 203-253 K, close to room temperature. Unfortunately, this type of material's practical application is currently limited because of the extremely high pressure necessary during exploitation. The most promising direction, as inferred from research conducted in CIS countries, is the development of cuprate superconductors doped with rare-earth elements such as yttrium, lanthanum, and other metals. There are also iron-nitrogen junctions, metallic and organic superconductors, and research into improving technologies for producing ultrathin substrates using laser or plasma deposition methods. CIS countries have established a strong scientific foundation in superconductivity, with Russia leading fundamental and experimental advances in high- and low-temperature superconducting materials. Future research will likely focus on improving synthesis techniques for ultrathin superconducting films and exploring novel doped hydride systems to achieve stable superconductivity near ambient temperatures.
本文提供了超导材料研究综述，包括已发表论文的简要注释以及独联体国家（亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆、白俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、摩尔多瓦、俄罗斯、塔吉克斯坦、土库曼斯坦、乌克兰和乌兹别克斯坦）之间的科学合作情况。结果表明，与私人基金或组织相比，各共和国政府层面为超导材料基础研究提供的资金更多，用于其开发和研究。近期研究表明，最有前景的材料之一是由金属氢化物合成的材料，特别是氢化镧，它在203 - 253K（接近室温）时表现出超导特性。不幸的是，由于使用过程中需要极高的压力，这类材料目前的实际应用受到限制。从独联体国家开展的研究推断，最有前景的方向是开发掺杂钇、镧等稀土元素以及其他金属的铜酸盐超导体。此外还有铁 - 氮结、金属和有机超导体，以及利用激光或等离子体沉积方法改进超薄衬底生产技术的研究。独联体国家在超导领域建立了坚实的科学基础，俄罗斯在高温和低温超导材料的基础研究和实验方面处于领先地位。未来的研究可能会集中在改进超薄超导薄膜的合成技术以及探索新型掺杂氢化物体系，以在接近环境温度的条件下实现稳定的超导性。
