Ryani Majed A
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2025 Aug 22;61(9):1509. doi: 10.3390/medicina61091509.
: Hepatitis presents a major health and economic challenge in Saudi Arabia, necessitating insight into its epidemiology, risk factors, and control measures. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention strategies for viral hepatitis in Saudi Arabia. It evaluates the effectiveness of existing interventions and proposes data-driven approaches to advance national hepatitis elimination goals. : This study reviewed data from 2016 to 2024, sourced from PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and ScienceDirect, focusing on hepatitis epidemiology and prevention in Saudi Arabia. Studies relevant to Saudi-specific trends and prevention strategies were included. : Saudi Arabia has achieved significant reductions in viral hepatitis prevalence, notably HBV (1.3%) due to universal infant vaccination (98% coverage), and HCV (0.124%) through the Saudi National Hepatitis Program (SNHP), which provides free DAAs (95% cure rate) and has screened 5 million people. However, challenges persist: HAV susceptibility is rising in adults (seroprevalence 33.1%), HDV affects 7.7% of HBV patients, and key risk factors include socioeconomic disparities (higher HAV/HEV in rural/low-income areas), intravenous drug use (30-50% of HCV cases), unsafe medical/cultural practices (e.g., Hijama), and limited healthcare access for migrants/rural populations. While interventions like water sanitation initiatives (58% HAV decline) and prenatal screening are effective, advancing elimination goals requires addressing gaps in HDV/HEV surveillance, outdated seroprevalence data, equitable treatment access (35% lower in rural areas), stigma reduction, and targeted strategies for high-risk groups to meet WHO 2030 targets. : Saudi Arabia has made significant progress in hepatitis control through vaccination and public health efforts, but challenges persist. Strengthening healthcare systems, improving community engagement, and ensuring equitable access are key to sustaining elimination efforts.
在沙特阿拉伯，肝炎对健康和经济构成了重大挑战，因此有必要深入了解其流行病学、风险因素和控制措施。本综述旨在综合沙特阿拉伯病毒性肝炎的流行病学、风险因素和预防策略的现有证据。它评估了现有干预措施的有效性，并提出了以数据为驱动的方法来推进国家肝炎消除目标。：本研究回顾了2016年至2024年的数据，数据来源为PubMed、谷歌学术、ResearchGate和科学Direct，重点关注沙特阿拉伯的肝炎流行病学和预防。纳入了与沙特特定趋势和预防策略相关的研究。：沙特阿拉伯在病毒性肝炎患病率方面取得了显著下降，特别是乙肝（1.3%）得益于普遍的婴儿疫苗接种（覆盖率98%），丙肝（0.124%）则通过沙特国家肝炎计划（SNHP）实现，该计划提供免费的直接抗病毒药物（治愈率95%）并已筛查了500万人。然而，挑战依然存在：成人甲型肝炎易感性在上升（血清流行率33.1%），丁型肝炎影响7.7%的乙肝患者，关键风险因素包括社会经济差距（农村/低收入地区甲型肝炎/戊型肝炎发病率较高）、静脉注射吸毒（丙肝病例的30 - 50%）、不安全的医疗/文化习俗（如拔火罐）以及移民/农村人口获得医疗服务的机会有限。虽然诸如水卫生倡议（甲型肝炎下降58%）和产前筛查等干预措施是有效的，但要推进消除目标，需要解决丁型肝炎/戊型肝炎监测方面的差距、过时的血清流行率数据、公平的治疗机会（农村地区低35%）、减少耻辱感以及针对高危群体的针对性策略，以实现世界卫生组织2030年的目标。：沙特阿拉伯通过疫苗接种和公共卫生努力在肝炎控制方面取得了重大进展，但挑战依然存在。加强医疗系统、改善社区参与并确保公平获得医疗服务是维持消除努力的关键。
