Fluorescent Probes for Monitoring Toxic Elements from the Nuclear Industry: A Review.

With nuclear power playing an increasing role in efforts to reduce carbon emissions, the development of effective and sensitive monitoring tools for (radio)toxic elements in the environment has become essential. This review highlights recent advances in fluorescent probes developed for the detection of key elements associated with the nuclear industry, including uranium, cesium, strontium, technetium, zirconium, and beryllium. Various sensor platforms, ranging from organic ligands and DNAzymes to metal-organic frameworks and quantum dots, offer promising features, such as high sensitivity, selectivity, and suitability for environmental matrices. Several recent designs now achieve detection limits in the nanomolar to picomolar range, revealing new perspectives for environmental and biological applications.