Somagond Yallappa M, Das Pravasini, Dang Ajay Kumar, Yadav Dhawal K, Kittur Priyanka M, Panda Bibhudatta S K, Devi Pooja, Kamboj Aarti, Alhussien Mohanned Naif
Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
National Research Centre, Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland, India.
Front Immunol. 2025 Sep 12;16:1669246. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1669246. eCollection 2025.
The transition period in dairy cattle is marked by oxidative stress and immune suppression linked to altered micromineral status. This study evaluated whether parenteral supplementation with trace elements and vitamins could enhance mammary health and improve the immunonutritional quality of colostrum and milk.
Twenty-four multiparous cross-bred cows were blocked by parity and projected yield, then assigned to control, multivitamin (MV; vitamins A, B-complex, D₃, E), multi-mineral (MM; Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Selenium (Se), and Zinc (Zn)), or combined multivitamin and multi-mineral (MMMV) groups. Intramuscular injections were administered on days -30, -15, -7, 0, +7, +15, and +30 relative to calving. Longitudinal sampling was conducted on days 0, 2, 3, 4, 7, 15, and 30 postpartum.
MMMV cows produced colostrum and milk with higher fat and protein percentages, stable lactose, and greater concentrations of insulin-like growth factors and immunoglobulins than all other groups (P < 0.05). Mammary health indicators improved concomitantly: somatic cell counts fell, the neutrophil-to-macrophage ratio normalised, and phagocytic activity of both cell types increased. These functional improvements were accompanied by reduced expression of toll-like and chemokine receptors in milk phagocytes. Additionally, the cytokine profile shifted toward an anti-inflammatory state evidenced by lower levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, and IFN-γ, and higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10. Reduced oxidative stress was indicated by decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the milk whey of the MMMV group. The MM and MV treatments conferred intermediate benefits, whereas the control group showed the greatest inflammatory and oxidative stress.
Repeated parenteral delivery of complementary trace minerals and vitamins throughout the transition period enhances mammary innate immunity, attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress, and augments the nutritive and immunological value of colostrum and milk. This approach offers a practical intervention to safeguard udder health and optimise passive immune transfer to calves.
奶牛的围产期以氧化应激和免疫抑制为特征，这与微量矿物质状态的改变有关。本研究评估了通过胃肠外补充微量元素和维生素是否可以增强乳腺健康，并改善初乳和牛奶的免疫营养质量。
将24头经产杂交奶牛按胎次和预计产量进行分组，然后分为对照组、多种维生素组（MV；维生素A、复合维生素B、维生素D₃、维生素E）、多种矿物质组（MM；铜（Cu）、锰（Mn）、硒（Se）和锌（Zn））或多种维生素与多种矿物质联合组（MMMV）。在产犊前第30天、第15天、第7天、第0天、第7天、第15天和第30天进行肌肉注射。产后第0天、第2天、第3天、第4天、第7天、第15天和第30天进行纵向采样。
与所有其他组相比，MMMV组奶牛生产的初乳和牛奶脂肪和蛋白质百分比更高，乳糖稳定，胰岛素样生长因子和免疫球蛋白浓度更高（P<0.05）。乳腺健康指标随之改善：体细胞计数下降，中性粒细胞与巨噬细胞比例正常化，两种细胞类型的吞噬活性增加。这些功能改善伴随着乳吞噬细胞中Toll样受体和趋化因子受体表达的降低。此外，细胞因子谱向抗炎状态转变，表现为IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-17A和IFN-γ水平降低，IL-4和IL-10水平升高。MMMV组乳清中，超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性降低，表明氧化应激减轻。MM和MV处理带来中等益处，而对照组的炎症和氧化应激最大。
在围产期重复进行胃肠外补充微量矿物质和维生素可增强乳腺先天免疫力，减轻炎症和氧化应激，并提高初乳和牛奶的营养和免疫价值。这种方法为保障乳房健康和优化向犊牛的被动免疫转移提供了一种切实可行的干预措施。
