Fagan William F, Krishnan Ananke G, Fleming Christen H, Ferreira Elizabeth, Chia Stephanie, Swain Anshuman, Abrahms Briana, Bracis Chloe, Gurarie Eliezer, Mueller Thomas, Noonan Michael J, Oliveira-Santos Luiz Gustavo R, Tucker Marlee A, Anand Gayatri, Liao Qianru, Na Sarah, Su Steven, Liao Daisy, Chilukuri Varun, Ramulu Shreyas, Diele-Viegas Luisa Maria, Dougherty Michael, Illingworth David, Alexandrov Dmitry Y, Antunes Pamela Castro, Azevedo Fernanda C, Barrett Christina, Barroso Matías Taborda, Behr Dominik M, Belant Jerrold L, Bellan Steven, Berteaux Dominique, Beyer Dean E, Bidner Laura R, Bishop Jacqueline, Blount J David, Butler Andrew, Carter Andrew, Carvalho Marina Motta, Chamberlain Michael, Chistopolova Maria D, Clark Darren, Conner L Mike, Cotterill Alayne, Cozzi Gabriele, Cristescu Bogdan, Cunningham Calum X, Çoban Emrah, Darlington Siobhan, Candeias Ísis Zanini das, DePerno Christopher S, Dekker Jasja J A, Downs Colleen T, Dronova Natalia, Drouilly Marine, Eblate Ernest, Ekwanga Steve, Swingen Morgan, Farhadinia Mohammad, Ford Adam T, Frair Jacqueline, Frank Laurence, Fryxell John M, Fuller Todd K, Fyumagwa Robert, Garthe Stefan, Getz Wayne M, Palacios Gonzalez Maria Jesus, Gooliaff T J, Götz Malte, Hamer Rowena, Haberfeld Mario, Hebblewhite Mark, Hernandez-Blanco Jose A, Herrmann Mathias, Heurich Marco, Hodges Karen E, Houser AnnMarie, Humphries Bruce, López Iglesias Miguel Ángel López, Isbell Lynne A, Jachowski David, Jackson Craig, Janssen René, Jenks Kate E, Jiménez Jaime E, Jorge Maria Luisa S P, Jorge Rodrigo, Jubete Fernando, Katna Anjan, Kays Roland, Kittle Andrew M, Klein Rebecca, Kont Raido, Kral Michelle J C, Kusak Josip, Lang Johannes, Latham Andrew David M, Leimgruber Peter, Lemos Frederico G, Levi Taal, Lima Caio F M, Lima Edson, Lima Fernando, Linnell John D C, Macdonald David W, Mahoney Peter, Männil Peep, Masenga Emmanuel, Mattisson Jenny, May Roel F, McBride Roy T, McDonald Robbie A, McNutt J Weldon, Miller Karl, Minaev Alexander, Miquelle Dale G, Moorman Christopher E, Morato Ronaldo G, Moreno Ricardo, Mourão Guilherme, Munkhtsog Bariushaa, Munkhtsog Bayaraa, Naidenko Sergey V, Nava Teresa, Odden John, Odden Morten, Palomares Francisco, Patterson Brent R, Patterson Bruce D, de Paula Rogerio Cunha, Paviolo Agustin, Petrunenko Yury K, Pkhitikov Alim B, Poyarkov Andrey D, Prugh Laura R, Rafiq Kasim, Ramalho Emiliano Esterci, Ramesh Tharmalingam, Ranc Nathan, Ranglack Dustin H, Ratnayaka Anya, Roshier David, Røskaft Eivin, Rozhnov Viatcheslav V, Ruiz-Villar Hector, Ruprecht Joel, Samelius Gustaf, Schwemmer Philipp, Şekercioğlu Çağan H, Serieys Laurel E K, Seryodkin Ivan V, Simon Olaf, Songsasen Nucharin, Sorokin Pavel A, Soutryina Svetlana, Stent Patrick, Stoner David, Streicher Jarryd, Tatler Jack, Teichman Kristine, Thaker Maria, Thompson Katerina V, Thompson Jeffrey J, Tortato Marcos Adriano, Trinzen Manfred, Van Der Weyde Leanne, Vanak Abi Tamim, Velilla Marianela, Walton Zea, Wheeldon Tyler J, Willebrand Tomas, Williams Terrie M, Wilmers Christopher C, Wilson-Aggarwal Jared, Wysong Michael L, Yachmennikova Anna A, Young Julie K, Calabrese Justin M
Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.
Center for Advanced Systems Understanding, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rosendorf, Görlitz 02826, Germany.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Oct 7;122(40):e2401042122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2401042122. Epub 2025 Sep 29.
Diverse factors, including environmental features and cognitive processes, can drive animals' movements and space use, with far-reaching implications. For example, repeated use of individual-level travel routeways (directionally constrained but imperfectly aligned routes), which results in spatial concentration of activity, can shape encounter-based processes including predation, mate finding, and disease transmission. However, how much variation in routeway usage exists across species remains unknown. By analyzing GPS movement tracks for 1,239 range-resident mammalian carnivores-representing 16 canid and 18 felid species from six continents-we found strong evidence of a clade-level difference in species' reliance on repeatedly used travel routeways. Across the global dataset, tracked canids had a 15% (±7 CI) greater density of routeways within their home ranges than did felids, rising to 33% (±16 CI) greater in landscapes shared with tracked felids. Moreover, comparisons within species across landscapes revealed broadly similar home range routeway densities despite habitat differences. On average, canids also reused their travel routeways more intensively than did felids, with hunting strategies and spatial contexts also contributing to the intensity of routeway usage. Collectively, our results suggest that key aspects of carnivore routeway-usage have an evolutionary component. Striking interspecific and clade-level differences in carnivores' reliance on reused travel routeways within home ranges identify important ways in which the movement patterns of real-world predators depart from classical assumptions of predator-prey theory. Because such departures can drive key aspects of human-wildlife interactions and other encounter-based processes, continued investigations of the relationships between movement mechanisms and space use are critical.
包括环境特征和认知过程在内的多种因素会驱动动物的移动和空间利用，产生深远影响。例如，个体层面的旅行路线（方向受限但不完全对齐的路线）的重复使用会导致活动在空间上集中，进而影响基于相遇的过程，包括捕食、寻找配偶和疾病传播。然而，不同物种在路线使用上存在多大差异仍不清楚。通过分析来自六大洲的1239种常住范围内的哺乳动物食肉动物（代表16种犬科动物和18种猫科动物）的GPS移动轨迹，我们发现有力证据表明，不同物种在依赖重复使用的旅行路线方面存在类群层面的差异。在全球数据集中，被追踪的犬科动物在其家域内的路线密度比猫科动物高15%（±7置信区间），在与被追踪猫科动物共享的景观中则高出33%（±16置信区间）。此外，跨景观的物种内比较显示，尽管栖息地不同，但家域路线密度大致相似。平均而言，犬科动物也比猫科动物更频繁地重复使用它们的旅行路线，狩猎策略和空间背景也影响了路线使用的强度。总体而言，我们的结果表明，食肉动物路线使用的关键方面具有进化成分。食肉动物在家域内对重复使用的旅行路线的依赖存在显著的种间和类群层面差异，这表明现实世界中捕食者的移动模式与捕食者 - 猎物理论的经典假设存在重要差异。由于这种差异会影响人类与野生动物互动以及其他基于相遇的过程的关键方面，因此持续研究移动机制与空间利用之间的关系至关重要。
