Scott Carolyn M, Holman Devin B, Gzyl Katherine E, Ibe Angela, Taheri Ahmad Esmaeili
Red Deer Polytechnic, Red Deer, AB, Canada.
Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada.
Microb Ecol. 2025 Oct 2;88(1):104. doi: 10.1007/s00248-025-02614-0.
The gut microbiome is an important factor in animal health and can be influenced by factors such as age, diet, stress, environmental conditions, and farming practices. Bacterial communities of the gut microbiome in many species have been extensively studied, but research on the fungal microbiota remains limited and underrepresented in the literature. The objective of this study was to characterize the fecal mycobiota of swine raised under two different production systems: outdoor pasture-based or conventional indoor systems. Fecal samples from nursery, growing-finishing, and sow pigs from both farming systems were collected, and the mycobiota was profiled using PCR amplification and sequencing of the universal fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region. A significant difference in fungal community structure was observed between the conventionally raised and pasture-raised pigs, as well as among all three production phases. Four species, Arthrographis kalrae, Enterocarpus grenotii, Pseudallescheria angusta, and Sagenomella oligospora, were differentially abundant between the two farms, all of which had higher relative abundance in the pasture-raised pigs. Additionally, pasture-raised pigs hosted a more diverse fungal community with higher species richness in their gastrointestinal tract. In summary, farming practices and pig age influenced the pig fecal mycobiota.
肠道微生物群是影响动物健康的一个重要因素，且会受到年龄、饮食、应激、环境条件及养殖方式等因素的影响。许多物种肠道微生物群的细菌群落已得到广泛研究，但有关真菌微生物群的研究仍然有限，且在文献中所占比例较低。本研究的目的是对在两种不同生产系统下饲养的猪的粪便真菌群进行特征分析：户外牧场饲养系统或传统室内饲养系统。采集了来自两种养殖系统的保育猪、生长育肥猪和母猪的粪便样本，并使用通用真菌内转录间隔区1（ITS1）区域的PCR扩增和测序对真菌群进行了分析。结果发现，传统饲养的猪和牧场饲养的猪之间以及所有三个生产阶段的真菌群落结构均存在显著差异。在两个养殖场之间，节孢属、格氏肠果孢、窄拟阿利什霉和寡孢无柄囊霉这四个物种的丰度存在差异，在牧场饲养的猪中它们的相对丰度均更高。此外，牧场饲养的猪的胃肠道中真菌群落更加多样，物种丰富度更高。总之，养殖方式和猪的年龄会影响猪的粪便真菌群。
