Liu Jingyu, Guo Shuai, Zhang Pengwei, Hu Hongli, Tang Su
Urumqi Center of Comprehensive Natural Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, China; Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements, China.
Urumqi Center of Comprehensive Natural Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, China.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Nov;394:127487. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127487. Epub 2025 Oct 1.
Understanding the mechanisms of saline-alkali in arid oasis regions is crucial for ecological security. This study integrates multi-source spatiotemporal data with the Optimized Parameter Geographic Detector (OPGD) model. The analysis utilizes 1511 soil samples collected in 2022 alongside multi-year remote sensing interpretation results. By quantifying eleven water-soil-vegetation-human activity driving factors, the research systematically reveals the patterns, evolution, and driving mechanisms of soil salinization in the Kashgar Plain oasis. Key findings include: (1) The area exhibits chloride-sulfate type severe salinization (average soil salinity 19.17 g/kg), with spatial heterogeneity characterized by an overall low salinity level but with localized severe salinization hotspots, and a pattern of lighter in the south and heavier in the north. The northern regions (Jiashi-Bachu) are high-risk hotspots (with 18.62 % of areas severely salinized). Sodium ions dominate (accounting for 34.6 % of cations), highlighting risks associated with sodium accumulation; (2) Post-2010 policies supporting Xinjiang's development drove large-scale reclamation and oasis expansion (+9885 km), contributing to regional economic development. However, this rapid land-use change in ecologically vulnerable northern areas inadvertently altered the local water-salt balance, leading to a notable expansion of secondary salinization (+5753 km) against the backdrop of overall oasis improvement. This has created a spatially divergent pattern of "deterioration in the north, improvement in the south, and stability in the central"; (3) The OPGD model identifies land use as the primary anthropogenic driver (Q = 0.2479), while groundwater systems (depth and mineralization) serve as natural key factors. Interaction effects between factors were prevalent and significant, primarily exhibiting bivariate enhancement. Notably, the interaction between groundwater mineralization and vegetation cover (X9∩X10) demonstrated nonlinear enhancement (Q = 0.2715), which is stronger than the sum of their individual effects. Thresholds for risk are first defined: mineralization degree >14 g/L and groundwater depth exhibiting a bimodal risk distribution (<6.06 m and >43.1 m). The findings provide a theoretical framework for the precise management of saline-alkali land along the Silk Road Economic Belt.
了解干旱绿洲地区盐碱化机制对生态安全至关重要。本研究将多源时空数据与优化参数地理探测器（OPGD）模型相结合。分析利用了2022年采集的1511个土壤样本以及多年遥感解译结果。通过量化11个水土植被人类活动驱动因素，该研究系统揭示了喀什平原绿洲土壤盐渍化的格局、演变及驱动机制。主要研究结果包括：（1）该地区呈现氯化物 - 硫酸盐型重度盐渍化（土壤平均含盐量19.17克/千克），空间异质性表现为整体盐度水平较低，但局部存在重度盐渍化热点区域，且呈现南轻北重的格局。北部地区（伽师 - 巴楚）为高风险热点区域（18.62%的面积为重度盐渍化）。钠离子占主导（占阳离子的34.6%），凸显了钠积累相关风险；（2）2010年后支持新疆发展的政策推动了大规模开垦和绿洲扩张（增加9885平方千米），促进了区域经济发展。然而，生态脆弱的北部地区这种快速的土地利用变化无意中改变了当地水盐平衡，导致在绿洲整体改善的背景下次生盐渍化显著扩大（增加5753平方千米）。形成了“北劣、南优、中稳”的空间分异格局；（3）OPGD模型确定土地利用是主要人为驱动因素（Q = 0.2479），而地下水系统（深度和矿化度）是自然关键因素。因素间的交互作用普遍且显著，主要表现为双变量增强。值得注意的是，地下水矿化度与植被覆盖度之间的交互作用（X9∩X10）呈现非线性增强（Q = 0.2715），强于其各自效应之和。首次定义了风险阈值：矿化度>14克/升，地下水深度呈现双峰风险分布（<6.06米和>43.1米）。研究结果为丝绸之路经济带盐碱地精准治理提供了理论框架。
