A Comprehensive Review on Exploring the Antidiabetic Potential of Naringenin: A Natural Therapeutic Agent.

INTRODUCTION

Naringenin, a key flavonoid abundantly found in citrus fruits, has garnered attention for its wide-ranging pharmacological properties. This review comprehensively examines naringenin, encompassing its sources, chemical structure, and biosynthetic pathways. We delve into its multifaceted pharmacological profile, with a particular emphasis on its potential to ameliorate Diabetes. The review elucidates the intricate mechanisms underlying the development of Diabetes and explores the multifaceted mechanisms through which naringenin exerts its antidiabetic effects. These mechanisms may encompass enhancing insulin sensitivity, modulating glucose metabolism, and attenuating oxidative stress. Furthermore, the review presents a concise summary of preclinical studies investigating naringenin's antidiabetic potential. This summary includes crucial details such as the specific diabetes-inducing agents employed in the studies, the administered naringenin dosages, the animal models utilized and the observed outcomes. However, further rigorous research, including human clinical trials, is imperative to fully translate these preclinical findings into clinically relevant applications.

METHODS

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and Google Scholar for articles. Keywords like "Mentha spicata," "spearmint," "phytochemical," "pharmacological activity," "traditional uses" and "toxicity" were used with Boolean operators to refine the results. Only English-language, peer-reviewed studies related to Mentha spicata's phytochemistry, therapeutic potential and safety were included, while non-scientific sources, duplicates and unrelated species were excluded. After duplicate removal, titles and abstracts were screened, followed by full-text review based on inclusion criteria. Disagreements in selection were resolved through discussion. Data were extracted into a structured format covering study details, plant parts used, extraction methods, key phytochemicals, biological activities and safety outcomes. The collected information was synthesized thematically to provide a focused and credible overview.

RESULTS

Naringenin, a flavonoid abundant in citrus fruits, has emerged as a promising natural compound with potential antidiabetic properties. Its multifaceted mechanisms of action include the regulation of glucose metabolism, enhancement of insulin sensitivity and the exertion of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These properties have been extensively studied in various animal models of diabetes, including chemically-induced and genetically modified models. Preclinical studies have demonstrated naringenin's ability to ameliorate hyperglycemia, improve glucose tolerance and reduce insulin resistance. These findings suggest that naringenin may offer a novel therapeutic approach for the management of Diabetes mellitus.

DISCUSSION

Naringenin demonstrates significant antidiabetic potential by enhancing insulin sensitivity, modulating glucose metabolism, and reducing oxidative stress. These findings support its therapeutic promise in diabetes management. However, variations in preclinical study designs and limited human data highlight the need for standardized protocols and clinical trials to confirm its efficacy and safety for clinical application.

CONCLUSION

Naringenin exhibits a variety of biological activities that make it a viable antidiabetic agent and a promising candidate for the development of novel therapies. By formulating various dos-age forms of active naringenin, its therapeutic potential can be further explored and optimized for pre-clinical and clinical applications.