Pimentel Pedro Antônio Bronhara, Giuliano Antonio, da Costa Fernanda Vieira Amorim, Bęczkowski Paweł Marek, Ribeiro Letícia Neves, Oliveira Breno Neves Manzalli, Pereira Raquel Fernandes, Horta Rodrigo Dos Santos
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
Harvest Veterinary Oncology Center, Kwai Fung Cres, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong.
Vet Anim Sci. 2025 Sep 23;30:100514. doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100514. eCollection 2025 Dec.
Lymphoma is the most common neoplasia in cats and is frequently linked with concurrent retroviral infections. Despite preventive strategies, feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) remain endemic in many parts of the world, with FeLV significantly shortening the lifespan of infected cats. In Brazil and other low-income countries, the incidence of FeLV and FIV remains high. However, the distribution of these retroviruses across South America is still unclear, and their correlation with the anatomical and clinical features of feline lymphoma remains poorly understood. Gaining a deeper understanding of these associations could lead to more effective disease control strategies and better-defined chemotherapy protocols. In this study, we examined the geographical distribution and clinical presentations of feline lymphoma in retrovirus-positive cats in Brazil. A modified bias risk analysis assessed the quality of published studies, and a map was created to highlight areas in need of further research. Initial screening of 703 studies identified 29 relevant ones, encompassing 607 cats with feline lymphoma. After bias analysis, 273 cases were included in this review: 190 were FeLV-positive and FIV-negative, 98 were FeLV-negative and FIV-negative, and 15 were FeLV-negative and FIV-positive. Cases were reported from six Brazilian states and the Federal District of Brazil (2000-2023). The anatomical location of lymphoma varied depending on the cats' viral status, with notable differences in intestinal and mediastinal manifestations. FeLV-negative cats showed an 11.1-fold increased risk (95 % CI=6.0-20.0) for intestinal lymphoma, while FeLV-positive cases had a 7.5-fold increased risk (95 % CI=3.7-15.6) for mediastinal lymphoma. Due to the scarcity of FIV-related cases, analyzing associations was not feasible. Given the apparent association between FeLV-positive status and lymphoma location, further research into this neoplasm is strongly encouraged. We also recommend widespread retrovirus testing and expanded FeLV vaccination efforts in Brazil.
淋巴瘤是猫最常见的肿瘤，常与同时发生的逆转录病毒感染有关。尽管有预防策略，但猫白血病病毒（FeLV）和猫免疫缺陷病毒（FIV）在世界许多地区仍然流行，FeLV会显著缩短感染猫的寿命。在巴西和其他低收入国家，FeLV和FIV的发病率仍然很高。然而，这些逆转录病毒在南美洲的分布仍不清楚，它们与猫淋巴瘤的解剖学和临床特征之间的相关性仍知之甚少。更深入地了解这些关联可能会带来更有效的疾病控制策略和更明确的化疗方案。在本研究中，我们调查了巴西逆转录病毒阳性猫中猫淋巴瘤的地理分布和临床表现。采用改良的偏倚风险分析评估已发表研究的质量，并绘制地图以突出需要进一步研究的领域。对703项研究进行初步筛选后，确定了29项相关研究，涉及607只患有猫淋巴瘤的猫。经过偏倚分析，本综述纳入了273例病例：190例FeLV阳性且FIV阴性，98例FeLV阴性且FIV阴性，15例FeLV阴性且FIV阳性。病例报告来自巴西的六个州和巴西联邦区（2000 - 2023年）。淋巴瘤的解剖位置因猫的病毒状态而异，肠道和纵隔表现存在显著差异。FeLV阴性的猫患肠道淋巴瘤的风险增加11.1倍（95%CI = 6.0 - 20.0），而FeLV阳性的病例患纵隔淋巴瘤的风险增加7.5倍（95%CI = 3.7 - 15.6）。由于与FIV相关的病例较少，分析关联不可行。鉴于FeLV阳性状态与淋巴瘤位置之间明显的关联，强烈鼓励对这种肿瘤进行进一步研究。我们还建议在巴西广泛开展逆转录病毒检测并扩大FeLV疫苗接种工作。
