Multiscale Construction, Evaluation, and Application of Organoids.

Organoids serve as pivotal models in both basic and applied research, offering transformative potential in biomedical applications. Herein is presented a comprehensive multi-scale perspective encompassing dual-scale construction, four-dimensional evaluation, triple-point application, and an analysis of the current challenges faced by organoid technology, aiming to advance organoid research and its biomedical applications. Dual-scale construction integrates micro-scale and macro-scale strategies to optimize material selection and spatial organization, thereby enhancing the biological fidelity of organoids. Four-dimensional evaluation systematically assesses functional performance and long-term stability at the molecular, cellular, organ, and in vivo levels, ensuring robust characterization. Triple-point application explores the translational potential of organoids in basic research, preclinical studies, and clinical applications, with a focus on disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. By refining construction methodologies, improving evaluation frameworks and facilitating clinical translation, this multi-scale approach provides critical insights into optimizing organoid technology for biomedical research and therapeutic applications. The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) empowers organoid research by enabling intelligent construction strategy screening, efficient multi-scale image analysis, rapid multi-omics data interpretation, and accurate preclinical assessment.