O'Guinn MaKayla L, Nguyen My Linh, Raman Shankar, Lin Mayin
General Surgery Residency Program, MercyOne Des Moines Medical Center, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Department of Surgery, MercyOne Des Moines Medical Center, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Surg Clin North Am. 2026 Feb;106(1):35-50. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2025.08.005. Epub 2025 Oct 25.
Pilonidal disease, common in adolescents and young adults, is linked to hair insertion, friction, and bacterial colonization. Risk factors including obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and hirsutism should be addressed with initial non-operative management. Acute disease is primarily managed by incision and drainage; the addition of deroofing identified pits at the time of drainage can reduce recurrence. Management of chronic pilonidal disease is focused on removal of pits with the possible addition of marsupialization or primary closure. Closures with flap-based techniques, such as Karydakis and Bascom's cleft lift, offer a lower recurrence rate but higher complication risks.
藏毛疾病常见于青少年和年轻人，与毛发内陷、摩擦及细菌定植有关。肥胖、久坐不动的生活方式和多毛症等危险因素应在初始非手术治疗中加以应对。急性疾病主要通过切开引流进行治疗；在引流时对已识别的凹坑进行去顶处理可降低复发率。慢性藏毛疾病的治疗重点是去除凹坑，可能还需辅以袋形缝合术或一期缝合。采用基于皮瓣的技术进行缝合，如卡里达基斯和巴斯科的裂隙提升术，复发率较低，但并发症风险较高。
