Gupta Srishti, Yadav Praveen Kumar, Sharma Sweety
LNJN NICFS, School of Forensic Sciences, National Forensic Science University, An Institute of National Importance, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, Delhi Campus, Delhi, India.
Int J Trichology. 2025 May-Jun;17(3):173-190. doi: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_89_24. Epub 2025 Nov 19.
Hair is one of the most commonly encountered trace evidence of crime scenes. The cases in which it may be found as evidence vary, ranging from those involving exotic and endangered wildlife species, hunting of which has been prohibited to various homicidal and assault cases. Besides homicide, sexual assault, and rape cases, hair is common evidence in poaching and other wildlife-related cases. The forensic examination of hair can help in personal identification (from human hair) and species identification (from nonhuman hair). Conventionally, the hair examination starts with the microscopic examination which is further extended to modern analytical methods such as DNA profiling, neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy-electron-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy. However, recent years have observed significant improvement in the sensitivity, reliability, and applicability of these methods. In the present review, a critical analysis of methods of hair examination has been done.
毛发是犯罪现场最常遇到的微量证据之一。毛发作为证据被发现的案件种类繁多，从涉及珍稀濒危野生动物物种（其捕猎已被禁止）的案件到各种杀人及袭击案件不等。除了杀人、性侵犯和强奸案件外，毛发在偷猎及其他与野生动物相关的案件中也是常见证据。对毛发的法医检验有助于进行个人识别（从人类毛发）和物种识别（从非人类毛发）。传统上，毛发检验从显微镜检查开始，进一步扩展到现代分析方法，如DNA分析、中子活化分析、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、扫描电子显微镜-能量色散X射线光谱法、红外光谱法。然而，近年来这些方法在灵敏度、可靠性和适用性方面有了显著提高。在本综述中，对毛发检验方法进行了批判性分析。
