Höpner F
MMW Munch Med Wochenschr. 1977 Nov 25;119(47):1521-6.
The type of first aid given to patients requiring emergency pediatric surgery is decisive for the prognosis in many cases. With this aspect in mind, individual disease pictures from the group of connatal deformities (esophageal atresia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, diaphragmatic hernia and defect, myelomeningocele), from emergency surgical situations beyond the neonatal stage (acute abdomen and ileus, esophageal varices, pneumothorax), and accident injuries (blunt abdominal trauma, cranio-cerebral trauma, burns) are selected and the most important first aid measures described. But for all diseases, the general rule for the treatment of all seriously ill children applies: provision of a safe venous access, readiness to intubate, adequate oxygenation and control of the acid-base, water and electrolyte balances.
在许多情况下，给予需要进行小儿急诊手术的患者的急救类型对预后起着决定性作用。考虑到这一点，我们从先天性畸形组（食管闭锁、肠闭锁、腹裂、膈疝和缺损、脊髓脊膜膨出）、新生儿期以外的急诊手术情况（急腹症和肠梗阻、食管静脉曲张、气胸）以及意外伤害（钝性腹部创伤、颅脑创伤、烧伤）中挑选了一些典型病例，并描述了最重要的急救措施。但对于所有疾病，治疗所有重症儿童的一般原则都是适用的：提供安全的静脉通路、随时准备插管、充分给氧以及控制酸碱、水和电解质平衡。
