生物杀虫剂暴露途径对油菜中蚜虫及其天敌的影响。

Effects of bioinsecticide exposure route on aphids and their natural enemies in oilseed rape.

作者信息

Tonks Aimee J, Pope Tom W, Cooper Simon, Roberts Joe M

机构信息

Entomology Group, Centre for Crop and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, UK.

Harper Institute of Technology, Engineering Department, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, UK.

出版信息

Pest Manag Sci. 2026 Jan 13. doi: 10.1002/ps.70518.

DOI:10.1002/ps.70518

PMID:41527967

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Myzus persicae Sulzer and Brevicoryne brassicae L. are economically important aphid pests of oilseed rape (OSR) and the primary vectors of turnip yellows virus. Control options are constrained for many aphid pests due to pest resistance to synthetic chemical insecticide active ingredients or their withdrawal from market. Physically acting bioinsecticides may offer an alternative control option, yet their efficacy against aphids and compatibility with natural enemies outside of horticultural production systems is poorly understood. Three bioinsecticides based on fatty acids, silicone polymers or surfactants were tested against two economically important aphid species and non-target effects on their natural enemies, Diaeretiella rapae M'Intosh adults and mummies as well as Chrysoperla carnea Stephens larvae, were also assessed.

RESULTS

Under direct exposure, fatty acids, silicone polymers and surfactants all caused aphid mortality (B. brassicae 90-56%, M. persicae 63-20%) within 72 h. Diaeretiella rapae mortality was 100% 24 h after exposure to fatty acids and silicone polymers while Chyrsoperla carnea mortality was 66% and 100%, respectively. Residual exposure caused limited mortality in aphids (M. persicae 0%, B. brassicae ≤10%) and natural enemies (D. rapae ≤33%, C. carnea ≤13%) compared to the sulfoxaflor synthetic chemical insecticide control (66-100%).

CONCLUSION

Fatty acids and silicone polymers significantly reduced numbers of aphids but showed acute toxicity to parasitoids under direct exposure. Their lack of residual activity means that precise targeted application to pest populations is required but allows natural enemy populations to recolonise treated areas rapidly. These bioinsecticides may provide supplementary control within OSR integrated pest management programmes when applied strategically. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

摘要

背景

桃蚜（Myzus persicae Sulzer）和甘蓝蚜（Brevicoryne brassicae L.）是油菜（OSR）具有重要经济意义的蚜虫害虫，也是芜菁黄化病毒的主要传播媒介。由于害虫对合成化学杀虫剂活性成分产生抗性或这些成分退出市场，许多蚜虫害虫的防治选择受到限制。物理作用的生物杀虫剂可能提供一种替代防治选择，然而，人们对它们在园艺生产系统之外对蚜虫的功效以及与天敌的兼容性了解甚少。对三种基于脂肪酸、硅氧烷聚合物或表面活性剂的生物杀虫剂进行了测试，以对抗两种具有重要经济意义的蚜虫物种，并评估了它们对天敌的非靶标效应，包括菜蚜茧蜂（Diaeretiella rapae M'Intosh）成虫和僵蚜以及大草蛉（Chrysoperla carnea Stephens）幼虫。

结果

在直接接触下，脂肪酸、硅氧烷聚合物和表面活性剂在72小时内均导致蚜虫死亡（甘蓝蚜死亡率为90%-56%，桃蚜死亡率为63%-20%）。接触脂肪酸和硅氧烷聚合物24小时后，菜蚜茧蜂死亡率为100%，而大草蛉死亡率分别为66%和100%。与氟啶虫胺腈合成化学杀虫剂对照（66%-100%）相比，残留接触导致蚜虫（桃蚜死亡率为0%，甘蓝蚜死亡率≤10%）和天敌（菜蚜茧蜂死亡率≤33%，大草蛉死亡率≤13%）的死亡率有限。