McGhan W F, Rowland C R, Bootman J L
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1978 Feb;35(2):133-40.
Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis techniques which can be of assistance in the evaluation of innovative pharmaceutical services are reviewed. Process and outcome measures are considered, and suggested steps in a cost-benefit study are presented. Samples of pharmacy studies using these techniques are appraised. Possible measures for benefits and costs along with literature references for evaluations of innovative pharmaceutical services are presented. Areas of pharmaceutical service discussed are ambulatory patient consultation, unit dose drug distribution, drug information services, monitoring drug therapy in acute care and long-term care, parenteral admixture services, patient and therapy responsibilities, patient discharge interviews, patient drug histories and profiles, and personnel substitutions. Although there have been several encouraging reports on the cost-benefit of pharmaceutical services, more evaluative research is needed to develop programs which maximize the benefit-to-cost ratio to society.
对有助于评估创新型药学服务的成本效益分析和成本效果分析技术进行了综述。考虑了过程和结果指标，并介绍了成本效益研究中的建议步骤。对使用这些技术的药学研究样本进行了评估。列出了效益和成本的可能衡量指标以及创新型药学服务评估的文献参考。所讨论的药学服务领域包括门诊患者咨询、单位剂量药品分发、药品信息服务、急性护理和长期护理中的药物治疗监测、肠外混合配制服务、患者及治疗职责、患者出院访谈、患者用药史和档案以及人员替代。尽管已有几份关于药学服务成本效益的令人鼓舞的报告，但仍需要更多的评估研究来制定使社会效益成本比最大化的方案。
