Yin Weimou, Zeng Weitong, Li Yutong, Huang Shiting, Cen Shoucheng, Su Bangling, Zhou Ting, Qin Xuejun
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China.
Liuzhou Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, Treatment and Research of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Liuzhou, China.
Ann Med. 2026 Dec;58(1):2635778. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2026.2635778. Epub 2026 Mar 5.
This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) in treating allergic asthma.
A comprehensive search across PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science was conducted. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating AIT for allergic asthma were included. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3, with evaluations for heterogeneity and publication bias. Subgroup analyses were stratified based on different treatment type, duration, age and allergen type (house dust mites vs. grass pollen).
A total of 28 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. AIT significantly improved asthma symptoms ( < 0.001), with SCIT showing greater efficacy than SLIT. Treatment duration and age did not significantly impact the outcomes. AIT was effective against both house dust mite and grass pollen allergies. It also notably improved medication scores ( < 0.001) and positively impacted FEV1 ( < 0.001). Regarding safety, AIT did not increase the total number of local side effects but significantly increased systemic reactions.
AIT is effective in improving asthma symptoms and reducing medication use, with subcutaneous immunotherapy being more efficacious than sublingual immunotherapy. The effectiveness varies by allergen type, with no substantial differences across age groups and treatment durations.
本荟萃分析旨在评估变应原特异性免疫疗法（AIT）治疗过敏性哮喘的疗效和安全性。
对PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、Embase和科学网进行全面检索。纳入评估AIT治疗过敏性哮喘的随机对照试验（RCT）。使用RevMan 5.3进行数据分析，并评估异质性和发表偏倚。亚组分析根据不同的治疗类型、持续时间、年龄和变应原类型（屋尘螨与草花粉）进行分层。
荟萃分析共纳入28项RCT。AIT显著改善哮喘症状（<0.001），皮下免疫疗法（SCIT）显示出比舌下免疫疗法（SLIT）更高的疗效。治疗持续时间和年龄对结果没有显著影响。AIT对屋尘螨和草花粉过敏均有效。它还显著改善了药物评分（<0.001），并对第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）产生了积极影响。在安全性方面，AIT没有增加局部副作用的总数，但显著增加了全身反应。
AIT在改善哮喘症状和减少药物使用方面有效，皮下免疫疗法比舌下免疫疗法更有效。疗效因变应原类型而异，不同年龄组和治疗持续时间之间没有实质性差异。
