Marshall R
Thorax. 1969 Jan;24(1):51-60. doi: 10.1136/thx.24.1.51.
Trimetaphan (Arfonad), which acts as a histamine-releasing agent in dogs, was observed to increase the shunt of blood through the lungs. Although external examination of the lungs showed no appreciable collapse, more detailed examination of lungs fixed by perfusion showed that the shunt could be explained on the basis of alveolar collapse and there was no need to postulate the opening of anatomical shunts. Histamine-releasing agents or histamine produced rapid, shallow breathing, which persisted after inflation of the lungs sufficient to restore the elastic and non-elastic resistance of the lungs to normal. It seems possible that the rapid, shallow breathing is due to sensitization of vagal nerve endings by the histamine or by some other substance released from the mast cells.
阿方那特（三甲硫吩）在犬体内作为一种组胺释放剂，被观察到会增加肺内的血液分流。尽管肺部的外部检查未显示出明显的萎陷，但对经灌注固定的肺部进行更详细的检查表明，这种分流可以基于肺泡萎陷来解释，且无需假定解剖分流的开放。组胺释放剂或组胺会引起快速、浅表的呼吸，在对肺部进行充分充气以将肺的弹性和非弹性阻力恢复正常后，这种呼吸仍会持续。快速、浅表的呼吸似乎可能是由于组胺或肥大细胞释放的其他某种物质使迷走神经末梢致敏所致。
